首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In the longest-term study of its kind, researchers pitted two popular diets head to head — a low-fat American Heart Association
In the longest-term study of its kind, researchers pitted two popular diets head to head — a low-fat American Heart Association
admin
2014-12-11
55
问题
In the longest-term study of its kind, researchers pitted two popular diets head to head — a low-fat American Heart Association style diet and a carb-controlled Mediterranean diet, each combined with regular physical activity — in a population of overweight patients who had Type 2 diabetes.
Researchers found that over the four-year study, patients who adhered to the Mediterranean-style eating plan maintained lower blood-sugar levels for a longer time than those in the low-fat-diet group. On the basis of their findings, the study’s authors suggest that some diabetes patients may be able to substitute diet and exercise for blood-sugar-lowering medications.
The study involved 215 overweight adults in Naples, Italy, who were newly diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes. Patients were randomly divided into two diet groups: the low-fat eaters were instructed to follow a regimen rich in whole grains, fruits and vegetables and low in additional fats, sweets and high-fat snacks; no more than 30% of daily calories were to come from fat and no more than 10% from saturated fat. The Mediterranean-diet group was taught to eat lots of fruits, vegetables, whole grains and healthy fats, including olive oil, with an emphasis on lean protein sources such as fish, chicken and nuts. Mediterranean dieters were instructed to limit carbohydrate intake to less than 50% of their daily calories.
All dieters were encouraged to exercise regularly and received regular nutrition counseling throughout the course of the study. Regardless of the specific eating plan, the study’s participants were required to restrict their daily caloric intake: 1,800 calories maximum per day for men, and 1,500 calories daily for women — a significant reduction from what the average American eats daily (about 2,600 calories for men and 1,800 calories for women, according to government statistics).
By the end of the study, which was published in the Sept. 1 issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine, 56% of patients following the Mediterranean diet were able to control their blood sugar without medication, compared with 30% of those on the low-fat regimen. The Mediterranean dieters were also able to maintain slightly more weight loss than the low-fat group — 8.4 lb. vs. 7.1 lb. — and showed small improvements in triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels, both risk factors for heart disease.
"A Mediterranean-style diet is a very important part in the treatment of diabetes. We knew that," says Dr. Loren Greene, a New York University Medical Center endocrinologist, who was not involved in the study. "But there just hasn’t been a good study to confirm this before." Some past studies have suggested that eating fewer carbohydrates can help diabetes patients lower their blood sugar. Other research has shown that intake of monounsaturated fats like olive oil can improve patients’ insulin sensitivity, allowing the body to naturally control blood sugar more effectively.
The current study does not make clear, however, whether diet alone can reduce blood sugar enough to eliminate the use of diabetes medication or whether it is even advisable to forgo medication at all. Participants in the new study were kept off drugs when their A
1
C levels — a measurement that indicates a patient’s blood-sugar levels over the previous three months — were below 7%, the standard cutoff for what is considered controlled blood sugar. But "we don’t know for sure if people with A
1
C levels under 7% still need to be on drugs," says Greene. "The research just hasn’t answered that question yet." Recent studies suggest that using blood-sugar-controlling medication even among the 57 million Americans who have prediabetes — meaning they have elevated, but not dangerously high blood sugar and are at very high risk of developing diabetes — may prevent the development of heart disease and stroke.
While diabetes doctors generally agree that the first line of defense against Type 2 diabetes should always be exercise and diet, many recommend also using drugs. For its part, the American Diabetes Association advises patients with Type 2 diabetes to make appropriate lifestyle changes and to start a drug regimen immediately upon diagnosis. Dr. R. Paul Robertson, a spokesperson for the organization, says that for people with diabetes, "the goal should not be to avoid drugs. It is to do everything you can to keep your sugar levels down".
Still, many doctors acknowledge patients’ aversion to chronic drug-taking. "Almost universally, people don’t want to take medicine if they can avoid, it," says Greene. And physicians, including internist Dr. Christine Laine, who is the editor of the Annals of Internal Medicine, point out that the direct and indirect costs associated with taking a drug — even one as widely prescribed as the generic diabetes medication metformin — can serve as a barrier for many patients, especially among disadvantaged populations and those without health insurance.
Whether avoidance of medication in certain cases proves to be reasonable, for now it can at least be used as an effective incentive to improve lifestyle habits, says Greene: "If you are told, ’If you don’t want to go on medicine, stick to this diet,’ then that’s a pretty valuable tool at least for patient compliance."
We learn from Para. 8 and Para. 9 that
选项
A、diabetes patients must take medication upon diagnosis.
B、medication is the first line of defense against Type 2 diabetes.
C、both lifestyle and medication are important for diabetes patients.
D、diabetes patients have no difficulties accepting medical cure.
答案
C
解析
推理判断题。第八段主要说明现实中治疗糖尿病的一些方法及其应用情况。[A]“糖尿病患者一经确诊必须服药”,这与该段第二句中“建议服药”的内容相矛盾,所以[A]不是答案;[B]“药物是预防II型糖尿病的最好方法”,这与该段第一句话的内容,即:预防II型糖尿病的最好方法通常是运动和饮食,互相矛盾,所以[B]不正确;[C]“生活方式和药物治疗对于糖尿病患者都很重要”,这与该段第二句的内容相吻合,所以[C]是答案:[D]“糖尿病患者接受药物治疗不存在问题”,与第九段最后一句的内容不吻合,即:药物治疗所需的高额费用使许多糖尿病患者不能接受治疗,所以[D]也不正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/ekdO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
WhatsuggestiondoesMs.LiongivetothestudentsusingInternetasaninformationsource?
Askedwhatjobtheywouldtakeiftheycouldhaveany,peopleunleashtheirimaginationsanddreamofexoticplaces,powerfulpo
FiveCommonMistakesinConversationsandTheirSolutionsI.NotlisteningA.Problem:mostpeopledon’tlisten—waiteagerlyf
Inrecentyears,ahandfulofuniversitystudentschoosetocommitsuicideinfaceofloveissue,academicissueorjobissue.W
InChina,thereisaspecialsocialmentalitycalled’’resentmenttowardtherich",meaningthegeneralpublicis,toalessero
CultureShockI.Thedefinitionofcultureshock1.feelingslikesurprise,disorientation,uncertaintyand【B1】______【B1】______
CultureShockI.Thedefinitionofcultureshock1.feelingslikesurprise,disorientation,uncertaintyand【B1】______【B1】______
CultureShockI.Thedefinitionofcultureshock1.feelingslikesurprise,disorientation,uncertaintyand【B1】______【B1】______
______istheofficiallanguageoftheRepublicofIrelandand______isthesecond.
长江三角洲位于我国东海之滨,万里长江尾闾。她西起南京、镇江,东临大海,北至通扬运河,南到杭州湾,面积35,267平方公里,是世界著名的大河三角洲之一。她具有以下几个特点:地理位置优越,是沟通内陆腹地的交通中心,并处于世界环球航线附近,与世界各大港口通航方便
随机试题
根据《处方管理办法》,下列叙述正确的有
俗话说:“人逢喜事精神爽”,这种情绪状态属于()
某妇女的月经史可以被记录为13×[(3~5)/29)]天,末次月经是在2003年11月30日。
(2008年)将pH=2的HCl溶液和pH=13的NaOH溶液等体积混合后,溶液的pH值为()。
到期后一次性还本付息债券的评估,其评估的标的是()。
常见的个人奖励计划不包括()。
关于外汇市场管理,下列说法错误的是()。
某同学学习某材料,学习10次后刚好记住,那么共需学习()次效果最好。
青年马克思临近毕业、谋划前途时,决心选择“最能为人类福利而劳动的职业”,后来,即使陷于没钱买面包的境地,他也未曾背弃誓言。“年纪轻轻就干大事、年纪轻轻就丢性命”的战争年代,青年贺龙抛弃高官厚禄、青年彭湃舍弃“乌鸦都飞不过”的万贯田产,皆因“主义”而义无反顾
Historically,humansgetseriousaboutavoidingdisastersonlyafteronehasjuststruckthem.【C1】______thatlogic,2006should
最新回复
(
0
)