2. 考研
  3. Despite your best intentions and efforts, it is inevitable: At some point in your life, you will be【C1】______. Mistakes can be h

Despite your best intentions and efforts, it is inevitable: At some point in your life, you will be【C1】______. Mistakes can be h

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问题    Despite your best intentions and efforts, it is inevitable: At some point in your life, you will be【C1】______. Mistakes can be hard to digest, so sometimes we【C2】______down rather than face them. Our confirmation bias kicks in, causing us to seek out 【C3】______ to prove what we already believe.
   Psychologists call this cognitive dissonance—the stress we experience when we hold two【C4】______thoughts, beliefs, opinions or attitudes. For example, you might believe you are a kind and fair person, so when you 【C5】______ cut someone off, you experience【C6】______.
   "Cognitive dissonance is what we feel when the self-concept—I’m smart, I’m kind, I’m convinced this belief is true—is 【C7】______ by evidence that we did something that wasn’t smart, that we did something that 【C8】______ another person, that the belief isn’t true" said Carol Tavris, a co-author of the book Mistakes Were Made (But Not by Me).
   When we 【C9】______ for being wrong, we have to accept this dissonance, and that is unpleasant. On the other hand, research has shown that it can feel good to stick to our【C10】______. One study, published in uie European Journal of Social Psychology, found that people who refused to apologize after a mistake had more【C11】______and felt more in control and【C12】______than those who did not【C13】______.
   【C14】______how exactly do you change your behavior and learn to embrace your mistakes? The first step is to【C15】______cognitive dissonance in action. Your mind will go to great【C16】______to preserve your sense of identity, so it helps to be aware of what that dissonance feels like. Typically, it【C17】______as confusion, stress, embarrassment or guilt. Those feelings do not【C18】______mean you are in the wrong, but you can at least use them as reminders to explore the situation from an impartial perspective and【C19】______question whether you are at fault. Similarly, learn to recognize your usual justifications and rationalizations. Think of a time you were wrong and knew it, but tried to justify it instead. Remember how it felt to【C20】______your behavior and pinpoint that feeling as cognitive dissonance the next time it happens.
【C4】
选项 A、related
B、contradictory
C、significant
D、impartial
答案B
解析 本句意为“心理学家称之为认知失调，即当我们持有两种______想法、信念、观点或态度时所感受的压力”。通过原文中破折号可知，空格处所在的句子是对首句内容的解释说明，for example举例说明这种“认知失调”的具体表现，故contradictory正确。related“相关的”、significant“重要的”和impartial“公正的”均与题意不符。
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