首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In the last half of the nineteenth century "capital" and "labour" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organisations on mod
In the last half of the nineteenth century "capital" and "labour" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organisations on mod
admin
2010-04-24
25
问题
In the last half of the nineteenth century "capital" and "labour" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organisations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.
The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners, and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world’s movement towards industrialisation. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders’meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand "shareholding" meant leisure and freedom which were used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.
The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which be held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even be had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of’ the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organisation of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other’s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation.
The author is most critical of ______.
选项
A、landowners
B、family firm employers
C、paid managers
D、shareholders
答案
D
解析
态度题。文章第二段第四句将股东阶层称为“饱食终日” (comfortable)者,他们与别人的关系仅限于抽取红利,他们偶尔也参加一次股东会,对企业的管理指手画脚(dictate their orders)。第三段指出,他们不了解工人,不关心工人。这里使用的显然是一种批评的语气。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/es2K777K
0
专业英语四级
相关试题推荐
What’sthechangeinAmericanfamilyinthe21century?
IstherenoendtotheDrugPlague?Lastyear,ournation’scapitalpassedthemurder-a-daymark,andthenumberofhomicides
IstherenoendtotheDrugPlague?Lastyear,ournation’scapitalpassedthemurder-a-daymark,andthenumberofhomicides
IstherenoendtotheDrugPlague?Lastyear,ournation’scapitalpassedthemurder-a-daymark,andthenumberofhomicides
SciencewriterTomStandagedrawsaptparallelsbetweenthetelegraphandthegemoflate20thcenturytechnology,theInternet.
SciencewriterTomStandagedrawsaptparallelsbetweenthetelegraphandthegemoflate20thcenturytechnology,theInternet.
Doeschildhoodhaveahistory?AttheturnoftheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesWilliamWorthworthwroteofchildhoodand
随机试题
关于单核-巨噬细胞系统组成正确的是
心身疾病的主要干预方法为
患者,男,26岁。被公司解聘后,近几个月来出现语无伦次、怪异行为、房门及窗户贴满符咒、口中念念有词,由其母亲陪同入院,患者诊断为精神分裂症。患者表示“我被解聘是一项阴谋,有人要害我”,针对患者的陈述,护士正确的做法或说法是
李某是某化学药物制品有限公司的董事,他的以下何种行为是符合公司法规定的?
安全检查的评价等级分为()。
秘书参谋作用通常不具有()。
法律规定,婚后由一方父母出资为子女购买的不动产,产权登记在出资人子女名下的,视为只对自己子女一方的赠予,该不动产应认定为夫妻一方的个人财产。符合上述规定的推断是()。
有三个关系R、S和T如下:则由关系R和S得到关系T的操作是
请在【答题】菜单中单击【考生文件夹】按钮,并按照题目要求完成下面的操作。注意:以下的文件必须保存在考生文件夹下。文君是新世界数码技术有限公司的人事专员,国庆节过后,公司招聘了一批新员工,需要对他们进行人职培训。人事助理已经制作了一份演示
A、Thewomanlikesarguing.B、Thewomanshouldgetajob.C、Thewomanshouldworkinafactory.D、Thewomanspendstoomuchmoney
最新回复
(
0
)