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  3. Researchers have studied the poor as individuals, as families and households, as members of poor communities, neighborhoods and

Researchers have studied the poor as individuals, as families and households, as members of poor communities, neighborhoods and

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问题     Researchers have studied the poor as individuals, as families and households, as members of poor communities, neighborhoods and regions, as products of larger poverty-creating structures. They have been analyzed as victims of crime and criminals, as members of minority cultures, as passive consumers of mass culture and active producers of a "counterculture" , as participants in the informal economy, as inventors of survival strategies, as an economic burden and as a reserve army of labor—to mention just some of the preoccupations of poverty research.
    The elites, who occupy the small upper stratum within the category of the non-poor, and their functions in the emergence and reproduction of poverty are as interesting and important an object for poverty research as are the poor themselves. The elites have images of the poor and of poverty which shape their decisions and actions. So far, little is known about those images, except as they are sketchily portrayed in popular stereotypes. The elites may well ignore or deny the external effects of their own actions(and omissions)upon the living conditions of the poor. Many social scientists may take a very different view. As poverty emerged and was reproduced, legal frameworks were created to contain the problems it caused with profound, and largely unknown, consequences for the poor themselves. In general, political, educational and social institutions tend to ignore or even damage the interests of the poor. In constructing a physical infrastructure for transport, industry, trade and tourism, the settlements of the poor are often the first to suffer or to be left standing and exposed to pollution, noise and crowding.
    Most important are the economic functions of poverty, as for lack of other options, the poor are forced to perform activities considered degrading or unclean. The poor are more likely to buy secondhand goods, and leftover foodstuffs, thus prolonging their economic utility. They are more likely to use the services of low-quality doctors, teachers and lawyers whom the non-poor shy away from. Poverty and the poor serve an important symbolic function, in reminding citizens of the lot that may befall those who do not heed the values of thrift, diligence and cleanliness, and of the constant threat that the rough, the immoral and the violent represent for the rest of society.
    Physically, the poor and the non-poor are often kept apart, through differential land use and ghettoi-zation. Socially, they are separated through differential participation in the labor market, the consumption economy, and in political, social and cultural institutions. Conceptually, they are divided through stereotyping and media cliche. This separation is even more pronounced between the elites and the poor.
According to the author, studying the elites also sheds light on poverty research because______.
选项 A、they are also members of the same society as the poor
B、they play an important role in creating and reproducing poverty
C、solution of the poverty problem is at their mercy
D、they know the living conditions of the poor better than other groups
答案B
解析 细节题。第二段指出，在不穷的人中，精英阶层占据为数不多的社会上层，在贫困的产生及其再生产过程中，他们的作用与穷人一样也是一个有趣且有意义的重要研究对象。这些人对于穷人和贫穷有自己的认识，这影响着他们的决定和行动。迄今为止，对于这些认识，我们还不太了解，仅见于一些通常的粗略的定型描述。这些人也许忽视或否认自己的行动(或无所行动)对穷人的生活状况所产生的外在影响，但许多社会学家却与他们的看法不同。在他们看来，随着贫困的产生和再生产，要求制定法律条文来涵盖所产生的问题，这些问题的产生对穷人自身产生深刻的影响——但这一影响在很大程度上还不为人所知。由此可知，精英阶层在贫困的产生及再生产过程中扮演着重要角色，故正确答案为选项[B]。
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