首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Advantages of Public Transport A)A new study conducted for the World Bank by Murdoch University’ s Institute for Science and Tec
Advantages of Public Transport A)A new study conducted for the World Bank by Murdoch University’ s Institute for Science and Tec
admin
2020-06-08
53
问题
Advantages of Public Transport
A)A new study conducted for the World Bank by Murdoch University’ s Institute for Science and Technology Policy(ISTP)has demonstrated that public transport is more efficient than cars. The study compared the proportion of wealth poured into transport by thirty-seven cities around the world. This included both the public and private costs of building, maintaining and using a transport system.
B)The study found that the Western Australian city of Perth is a good example of a city with minimal public transport. As a result, 17% of its wealth went into transport costs. Some European and Asian cities, on the other hand, spent as little as 5%. Professor Peter Newman, ISTP Director, pointed out that these more efficient cities were able to put the difference into attracting industry and jobs or creating a better place to live.
C)According to Professor Newman, the larger Australian city of Melbourne is a rather unusual city in this sort of comparison. He describes it as two cities: A European city surrounded by a car-dependent one. Melbourne’ s large tram network has made car use in the inner city much lower, but the outer suburbs have the same car-based structure as most other Australian cities. The explosion in demand for accommodation in the inner suburbs of Melbourne suggests a recent change in many people’ s preferences as to where they live.
D)Newman says this is a new, broader way of considering public transport issues. In the past, the case for public transport has been made on the basis of environmental and social justice considerations rather than economics. Newman, however, believes the study demonstrates that "the auto-dependent city model is inefficient and grossly inadequate in economic as well as environmental terms".
E)Bicycle use was not included in the study but Newman noted that the two most "bicycle friendly" cities considered—Amsterdam and Copenhagen—were very efficient, even though their public transport systems were—"reasonable but not special".
F)It is common for supporters of road networks to reject the models of cities with good public transport by arguing that such systems would not work in their particular city. One objection is climate. Some people say their city could not make more use of public transport because it is either too hot or too cold. Newman rejects this, pointing out that public transport has been successful in both Toronto and Singapore and, in fact, he has checked the use of cars against climate and found "zero correlation". G)When it comes to other physical features, road lobbies are on stronger ground. For example, Newman accepts it would be hard for a city as hilly as Auckland to develop a really good rail network. However, he points out that both Hong Kong and Zurich have managed to make a success of their rail systems, heavy and light respectively, though there are few cities in the world as hilly.
H)In fact, Newman believes the main reason for adopting one sort of transport over another is politics: "The more democratic the process, the more public transport is favoured." He considers Portland, Oregon, a perfect example of this.
I)Some years ago, federal money was granted to build a new road. However, local pressure groups forced a referendum over whether to spend the money on light rail instead. The rail proposal won and the railway worked spectacularly well. In the years that have followed, more and more rail systems have been put in, dramatically changing the nature of the city. Newman notes that Portland has about the same population as Perth and had a similar population density at the time.
J)In the UK, travel times to work had been stable for at least six centuries, with people avoiding situations that required them to spend more than half an hour travelling to work. Trains and cars initially allowed people to live at greater distances without taking longer to reach their destination. However, public infrastructure did not keep pace with urban sprawl, causing massive congestion problems which now make commuting times far higher.
K)There is a widespread belief that increasing wealth encourages people to live farther out where cars are the only viable transport. The example of European cities refutes that. They are often wealthier than their American counterparts but have not generated the same level of car use. In Stockholm, car use has actually fallen in recent years as the city has become larger and wealthier.
L)A new study makes this point even more starkly. Developing cities in Asia, such as Jakarta and Bangkok, make more use of the car than wealthy Asian cities such as Tokyo and Singapore. In cities that developed later, the World Bank and Asian Development Bank discouraged the building of public transport and people have been forced to rely on cars—creating the massive traffic jams that characterize those cities.
M)Newman believes one of the best studies on how cities built for cars might be converted to rail use is The Urban Village report, which used Melbourne as an example. It found that pushing everyone into the city centre was not the best approach. Instead, the proposal advocated the creation of urban villages at hundreds of sites, mostly around railway stations.
N)It was once assumed that improvements in telecommunications would lead to more dispersal in the population as people were no longer forced into cities. However, the ISTP team’ s research demonstrates that the population and job density of cities rose or remained constant in the 1980s after decades of decline. The explanation for this seems to be that it is valuable to place people working in related fields together. "The new world will largely depend on human creativity, and creativity flourishes where people come together face-to-face."
Some people argue against practicing public transport for the extreme climate.
选项
答案
F
解析
题干意为,由于极端天气,一些人反对公共交通。原文F段第三句,“Somepeople say their city could not make more use of public transport because it is either toohot or too cold.”题干“extreme climate”对应“either too hot or too cold”所以.正确选项是F。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/f1P7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
WhySustainableBuildingsNeedtoFocusonCommunityAndCollaboration?[A]Accordingtothegovernment,buildingsintheUKacco
DoBritain’sEnergyFirmsServethePublicInterest?[A]Capitalismisthebestandworstofsystems.Lefttoitself,itwillemb
A、Hewastakingpicturesofthescenery.B、Hewaswaitingtoattendasecretmeeting.C、Hewasdoinghisjob.D、Theweatherwas
LatinoyouthsneedbettereducationforArizonatotakefulladvantageofthepossibilitiestheirexplodingpopulationoffers.A
LatinoyouthsneedbettereducationforArizonatotakefulladvantageofthepossibilitiestheirexplodingpopulationoffers.A
A、Toconsultfriendswhohavetravelledbefore.B、TosearchontheInternet.C、Towatchacolourmovie.D、Toreadtravelbooks.
A、TheirBBSwasnotasgoodaswhattheyhadthoughtbefore.B、Theirprogressinthewebsite-designwashinderedforlackoffun
A、Ignoringthesignsandsymptomsofaging.B、Adoptinganoptimisticattitudetowardslife.C、Endeavoringtogiveupunhealthyl
TheAmericanWorkplaceIsBroken.Here’sHowWeCanStartFixingIt.[A]Americansareworkinglongerandharderhoursthanever
TheAmericanWorkplaceIsBroken.Here’sHowWeCanStartFixingIt.[A]Americansareworkinglongerandharderhoursthanever
随机试题
A.因子Ⅻ激活 B.凝血因子Ⅲ大量入血 C.大量膜磷脂促凝 D.直接激活凝血酶原 E.清除凝血物质的功能受损单核-巨噬细胞系统功能障碍诱发DIC是因为
一水泥厂工人,男,70kg,冒险在高温水泥窖中清炉渣,突然小泥窖坍塌,高温粉尘弥漫。患者大声呼救,数分钟后被工友救出,送医院抢救时见,神智清醒,对答切题,但语音粗哑,全身除有头发部位、双足、会阴部及双臂各有一块相当于患者1/2手掌大的创面未烧伤,双上肢因有
患者男,56岁。因车祸急诊入院。患者诊断:右侧两根肋骨骨折、右股骨粉碎性骨折,软组织撕裂伤、失血性休克。既往无输血史。经补液、输血治疗,无任何输血不良反应发生,血压上升至100/70mmHg,急诊手术治疗。术中实习护士给予加温的血液2U,输血后约50分钟,
亚硝酸钠滴定法中加入适量溴化钾的作用是
在三维空间中方程y2一z2=1所代表的图形是:
某出租设备价格50万元,租期为5年,折现率8%,附加率4%,采用附加率法计算租金时,则每年租金不能低于()万元。
有两个班的小学生要到少年宫参加活动,但只有一辆车接送。第一班的学生坐车从学校出发的同时,第二班的学生开始步行,车到途中某处,让第一班的学生下车步行,车立刻返回接第二班的学生上车并直接开往少年宫。该车载学生时车速为40千米/时,空车时为50千米/时,学生步行
用人单位延长工作时间不受《劳动法》第41条限制的特殊情况有哪些?
电视是现代文明的产物,但也给人们带来很多麻烦。对于有孩子的家庭,来自电视节目正反两方面的诱惑力都很大。电视看久了,也会影响学习。更使家长担心的是电视中的暴力片等的副作用。因此,家长应对孩子看电视给予指导与约束。以下哪种做法与以上观点不符?
全面从严治党的长远之策、根本之策是()
最新回复
(
0
)