2. 外语
  3. Television has transformed politics in the United States by changing the way in which information is disseminated, by altering p

Television has transformed politics in the United States by changing the way in which information is disseminated, by altering p

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问题       Television has transformed politics in the United States by changing the way in which information is disseminated, by altering political campaigns, and by changing citizens’ patterns of response to politics. By giving citizens independent access to the candidates, television diminished the role of the political party in the selection of the major party candidates. By centering politics on the person of the candidate, television accelerated the citizen’s focus on character rather than issues.
     Television has altered the forms of political communication as well. The messages on which most of us rely are briefer than they once were. The stump speech, a political speech given by traveling politicians and lasting 1.5 to 2 hours, which characterized nineteenth-century political discourse, has given way to the 30 second advertisement and the 10 second "sound bite" in broadcast news. Increasingly the audience for speeches is not that standing in front of the politician but rather the viewing audience who will hear and see a snippet (片断) of the speech on the news.
     In these abbreviated forms, much of what constructed the traditional political discourse of earlier ages has been lost. In 15 or 30 seconds, a speaker cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issues in question, cannot detail the probable causes of the problem, and cannot examine alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others. In snippets, politicians assert but do not argue.
     Because television is an intimate medium, speaking through it required a changed political style that was more conversational, personal, and visual than that of the old-style stump speech. Reliance on television means that increasingly our political world contains memorable pictures rather than memorable words. Schools teach us to analyze words and print. However, in a world in which politics is increasingly visual, informed citizenship requires a new set of skills.
     Recognizing the power of television’s pictures, politicians craft televisual, staged events, called pseudo-events, designed to attract media coverage. Much of the political activity we see on television news has been crafted by politicians, their speechwriters, and their public relations advisers for televised consumption. Sound bites in news and answers to questions in debates increasingly sound like advertisements.
The author mentions the "stump speech" in paragraph 2 as an example of
选项 A、an event created by politicians to attract media attention.
B、an interactive discussion between two politicians.
C、a kind of political presentation types of the nineteenth century.
D、a style of speech common to televised political events.
答案C
解析 本题考查词义猜测。在“stump speech”(树桩演讲)这个术语的后面，有个非限定性定语从句“which characterized nineteenth-century political discourse(它具有19世纪政治演讲的特征)”，它就是对“stump speech”解释和说明，说明“stump speech”是19世纪典型的政治演讲的例子，因此选项C 正确。
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