首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
医学
People who live and work in areas with elevated levels of ozone and other airborne pollutants appear to run an increased risk of
People who live and work in areas with elevated levels of ozone and other airborne pollutants appear to run an increased risk of
admin
2013-11-30
56
问题
People who live and work in areas with elevated levels of ozone and other airborne pollutants appear to run an increased risk of lung cancer, US researchers report in the December Issue of the Journal Environmental Health Perspectives. The researchers, Dr. Beeson, of Texas University and colleagues studied more than 4,000 female and 2,000 male, white, nonsmoking volunteers from 1977 to 1992.
At the start of the study, the volunteers filled out questionnaires about their occupations, their exercise patterns, diet and other lifestyle choices, and their family’ s health history. The questionnaires also asked whether the volunteers had any respiratory symptoms, how many hours they spent outdoors, and where they lived and worked. The researchers updated this information in 1987 and again in 1992.
Using air quality monitoring station data, Beeson and colleagues then determined the levels of particle soot, ozone or "smog", sulfur dioxide, and other pollutants that the volunteers were exposed to, given where they lived and worked. Over the course of the 15-year study, 20 of the women and 16 of the men were diagnosed with lung cancer.
Analyzing the relationship between exposure to airborne pollutants and lung cancer risk, the researchers found that both men and women regularly exposed to levels of particle that were higher than the National Ambient Air Quality Standard of 50 microgram per meter cubed ran an increased risk of lung cancer. And both men and women exposed to elevated levels of sulfur dioxide ran an increased risk of lung cancer.
In addition, men regularly exposed to ozone levels of 80 parts per billion(ppb)ran more than three times the risk of lung cancer as men exposed to lower levels. The Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)limit on ozone is 120 ppb, Beeson and colleagues report. Women, however, did not appear to run an increased risk of lung cancer if exposed to high levels of smog. " This gender difference may be due to the males spending much more time outdoors than females," they write. "This was especially true for the summer when ozone levels are higher. " The difference may also have been due to hormonal differences, they add. Some research findings also suggest that the female sex hormone estrogen may partly offset the consequences of exposure to high ozone levels.
"Our findings suggest that the current EPA standard of 120 ppb for ozone may not adequately protect the large portion of the US male population who live or work in communities where the current standard for ozone is frequently exceeded," Beeson and colleagues conclude. "More research with a larger number of incident cases of lung cancer is needed to better understand the observed gender difference in regard to ozone exposure as well as to better separate the independent effects of ozone, airborne particulate matter sulfur dioxide, and other airborne pollutants. "
It can be inferred from the research mentioned in this passage______.
选项
A、males are more vulnerable to dangers in life than females
B、female is stronger sex than male
C、male sex hormone may not be able to decrease the effect of exposure to high ozone levels
D、spending much time outdoors in summer is not harmful to females
答案
C
解析
第六段第一句“This gender difference may be due to the males spending much more timeoutdoors than females.”以及“This was especially true for the summer when ozone levels arehigher.”隐含着,在夏天,spending much time outdoors,尤其是接触“high levels of ozone”对男性的伤害超过女性。该段的最后两句“The difference…due to hormonal differ-ences...the female sex hormone estrogen may partly offset the consequences of exposure tohigh ozone levels.”隐含着,雄性激素可能不能抵消接触high ozone levels造成的后果。所以,选项C应为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/fDU3777K
本试题收录于:
医学博士外语题库考研分类
0
医学博士外语
考研
相关试题推荐
Despitegrowingnumbersofjoggers,CanadaFitnessSurveysacrossthecountrydemonstratethatCanadiansarelessphysicallyfit
Despitegrowingnumbersofjoggers,CanadaFitnessSurveysacrossthecountrydemonstratethatCanadiansarelessphysicallyfit
Ifyouarecaughtinadownpour,itisbettertorunforshelterthanwalk,researchersintheUSadvise.Thismaysoundobvious
TherewereredfacesatoneofBritain’sbiggestbanksrecently.Theyhadacceptedatelephoneordertobuy$100,000worthof
Goodhealthisaspirited______ofenergy,smoothskin,strong,supplelimbs,andapositivejoyinlife.
ShetoldusthattheleasewouldterminateinMay,andshehadtofindanewhouse.
A、Theskinformsalargesurfaceforradiatingbodyheattotheair.B、Theevaporationofsweatfromthesurfaceofthebodyals
Havingafewtoomanydrinkscanmeanmorethanjustablackoutorabadhangover.Peoplewhoengageinbingedrinkingarecourt
TheexplosionandtheoilspillbelowthesurfaceoftheGulfofMexicoleftmymindinsucha______thatIcouldn’tgettoslee
随机试题
颈椎、颈髓MRI扫描方位最好选
下行型强直性脊柱炎起始于
恶性肿瘤的诊断中最主要的依据是
甲企业为增值税一般纳税人,适用增值税税率为13%,原材料按实际成本核算,该企业12月份发生的有关经济业务如下: (1)5日,购入A材料5000千克,增值税专用发票上注明价款为300000元,增值税税额39000元,购入该种材料发生保险费1000元,发生运
旅游者在就餐过程中吞食了部分异物,在确定不会给旅游者身体造成损害的情况下,餐饮业主可以不向旅游者进行赔付。()
陈某为购买拖拉机而筹款,将自家一头耕牛卖给钱某,双方协议卖价为5000元。钱某当即付款2000元,并与陈某约定次日再付3000元,待余款付清后再将牛牵走。不料,当晚牛遭雷击而死。钱某知道情况后,要求陈某返还2000元。陈某认为,牛已归钱某,且牛的死亡不是自
零缺陷管理的思想主张企业发挥人的主观能动性来进行经营管理,生产者、工作者要努力使自己的产品、业务没有缺点,并向着高质量标准的目标而奋斗。根据上述定义,下列符合零缺陷管理思想的一项是:
Lucyisimpatientofopenquestionsandirritatedatherinabilitytoanswerthem.
Sincetheauthorfrequently(i)____otherscholars,hisobjectiontodisputesisnotonlyirrelevantbutalso(ii)____.
CVsfromAroundtheWorldDidyouknowthatyourCV(knownasa"resume")needstobea-dapteddependingonwhereintheworl
最新回复
(
0
)