首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In the early 20th century, a horse named Clever Hans was believed capable of counting and other impressive mental tasks. After y
In the early 20th century, a horse named Clever Hans was believed capable of counting and other impressive mental tasks. After y
admin
2012-02-29
74
问题
In the early 20th century, a horse named Clever Hans was believed capable of counting and other impressive mental tasks. After years of great performance, psychologists discovered that though Hans was certainly clever, he was not clever in the way everyone expected. The horse was cunningly (聪明地) picking up on tiny, unintentional bodily and facial cues given out not only by his trainer, but also by the audience. Aware of the "Clever Hans" effect, Lisa Lit at the University of California, Davis, and her colleagues wondered whether the beliefs of professional dog handlers might similarly affect the outcomes of searchers for drugs and explosives. Remarkably, Dr. Lit found, they do.
Dr. Lit asked 18 professional dog handlers and their dogs to complete brief searches. Before the searches, the handlers were informed that some of the search area might contain up to three target scents (气味), and also that in two cases those scents would be marked by pieces of red paper. What the handlers were not told was that none of the search areas contained the scents of either drugs or explosives. Any "detections" made by the teams thus had to be false.
The findings reveal that of 144 searches, only 21 were clean (no alerts). All the others raised one alert or more. In total, the teams raised 225 alerts. While the sheer number of false alerts struck Dr. Lit as fascinating, it was where they took place that was of greatest interest.
When handlers could see a red piece of paper, allegedly marking a location of interest, they were much more likely to say that their dogs signaled an alert. The human handlers were not only distracted on almost every occasion by the stimulus aimed at them, but also transmitted that distraction to their animals — who responded accordingly. To mix metaphors, the dogs were crying "wolf at the unconscious signal of their handlers.
How much that matters in the real world is unclear. But it might. If a handler, for example, unconsciously "profiled" people being sniffed (嗅) by a drug- or explosive-detecting dog at an airport, false positives could abound (大量存在). That is not only bad for innocent travelers, but might distract the team from catching the guilty.
According to Dr. Lit, the most significant about the experiment was______.
选项
A、the way the dogs raised alerts
B、the location of the false alerts
C、the average time of the searches
D、the number of the false alerts
答案
B
解析
根据题干中的Dr.Lit和most significant将本题出处定位到第3段末句。该句提到,虽然错误警报的次数让Lit博士觉得有趣,但最让他感兴趣的是错误警报发出的地点。由此可知,对Lit博士来说,这个实验最有意义的地方是错误警报发生的地点,故答案为[B]。文中提到the teamsraised 225 alerts,但并未提及警犬发出警报的方式,且不是Lit博士的关注点,故排除[A]。[C]在文中未提及,故排除。文中提到Lit博士对警报的次数感兴趣,但这不是他最感兴趣的地方,也就不是该实验最有意义的地方,故排除[D]。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/fEf7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
A、Shehaddislikednovelsuntilshewenttocollege.B、Shewouldratherreadnovelsthanhistorybooks.C、Sheenjoyedtheclass
A、Themanlikesthemodemartinahigherdegree.B、Themanlikestheclassicalartbetter.C、Themanlikesneithermodernnorc
Readinginvolveslookingatgraphicsymbolsandformulatingmentallythesoundsandideastheyrepresent.Conceptsofreadingha
A、T-bonesteak&beer.B、Friedchickensteak&Sprite.C、Boiledchicken&salad.D、Roastbeef&rice.B细节题。四个选项都是有关食品的名词,可初步猜测是菜
A、TheUnitedStatesisfacedwithmanysocialproblems.B、VariousfactorsareresponsibleforthecrimesintheUnitedStates.C
A、Apopulartelevisionprogram.B、Abreakthroughintechnology.C、Arecentpurchase.D、Anewelectronicstore.C
A、Thelawyerwasrealistic.B、Thelawyerwasnotdramaticenough.C、Thelawyerplayedinhispartwell.D、Thelawyerwasunreali
RobSapp,27,fromKent,lovedgameswhenhewasattendingschool.Infact,helovedgamessomuchthathedecidedtobecomeaP
A、Gotowatchthebaseballmatch.B、Drivetowork.C、Trytofixthecar.D、Stopworkingandhavesomerest.C女士的建议提得很含蓄,她用“我还以为
Eachforitsownreason,thestudyofresidentialmobilityhasbeenaconcernofthreedisciplines:sociology,economics,andge
随机试题
试析巴金《激流三部曲》中觉新这一人物形象。
在Windows7系统中,以下_____操作可以用于关闭“资源管理器”窗口。
儿童每日摄人脂肪应占总热量的
哪种心律失常易发生"心输出量减少"护理问题:
石某系某市无业人员,某日因琐碎小事将张某和李某打致轻伤,张某将案件起诉到法院,李某接到法院通知后表示不想追究石某的责任,没有参加诉讼。一审宣判后,李某反悔,就同一事实向法院提起自诉。该法院应当如何处理?()
在集合资产管理计划说明书中,集合计划有关当事人介绍包括()。
下列选项中,不属于按客户类型分类的理财业务是()。
下列资产中,不需要计提折旧的有()。
Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruefights.Wearepushingourkidstogetgoodgrades,takeSATpreparatory
律师王某在代理一起民事诉讼案件时,编造了一份对自己代理的一方当事人有利的虚假证言,指使证人李某背熟以后向法庭陈述,致使本该败诉的己方当事人因此而胜诉。王某的行为构成何罪?()
最新回复
(
0
)