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  3. You probably already know that a viselike pressure in the chest is the most common physical sign of a heart attack. You may even

You probably already know that a viselike pressure in the chest is the most common physical sign of a heart attack. You may even

admin2015-04-10  45
问题     You probably already know that a viselike pressure in the chest is the most common physical sign of a heart attack. You may even be aware that the body sometimes "refers" the pain of a heart attack, sending it to the neck, jaw or arms. But do you know the second, third or fourth most common sign of a heart attack? You should. According to a study in journal of the American Medical Association(JAMA), recognizing the less common signs of a heart attack could save your life or that of someone you love.
    Speed makes a difference. Heart-attack victims who don’t experience chest pain typically put off going to the hospital—by an average of two hours, the JAMA study found. When these patients finally show up at the emergency room, it often takes doctors longer to make the right diagnosis. All the while, their heart isn’t getting potentially life-saving treatment with clot-busting drugs, beta-blockers or emergency angioplasty. These delays help explain why a heart-attack patient who doesn’t experience chest pains is twice as likely to die at the hospital as someone who does.
    By studying a computerized database of more than 430,000 people who suffered heart attacks across the U. S. , it was determined that there are six major risk factors that increase the chances that any heart attack you suffer will be atypical. These six risk factors include: having a weak heart(from congestive heart disease), diabetes or a history of stroke; being 65 or older, female or from a minority group. The increased risk is cumulative: If a 75-year-old black woman has a heart attack, her chances of experiencing chest pain are less than 50%.
    Apparently diabetics feel less pain because of nerve damage caused by their condition, but no one knows why women or the elderly are more likely to suffer painless heart attacks.
    So what, besides chest pain, should you watch for? Probably the next biggest tip-off is extreme shortness of breath. Indeed, many cardiologists consider difficulty breathing to be as good an indicator of a possible heart attack as chest pain. Other less specific signs include nausea, profuse sweating and fainting. Some heart-attack victims describe a sudden, overwhelming sense of doom or feel pain under their scapula.
    Be particularly suspicious of any "heartburn" that gets worse if you walk around or otherwise exert yourself physically. Don’t try to drive yourself to the hospital. Call an ambulance. Then, if you think of it, chew on an aspirin; 325 mg is the recommended dose, and chewing gets the drug into the bloodstream faster. A single tablet can stave off some of the damage. Above all, don’t tell yourself, "I can’t be having a heart attack, I’m not feeling any chest pains. " Let a doctor make the final call.
Who will experience the least chest pain when he or she has a heart attack?
选项 A、A 67-year-old man who has a history of stroke for 5 years.
B、A 30-year-old lady who is always sweating and fainting.
C、A 67-year-old black woman who has diabetes since her birth.
D、A 40-year-old sportsman who suffers arms pain very often.
答案C
解析 以下几个人中，在心脏病突发时胸口疼痛程度最轻的是谁?[A]一位有5年中风史的67岁男性。[B]一位经常出汗和昏厥的30岁女性。[C]一位天生有糖尿病的67岁黑人妇女。[D]一位胳膊经常疼痛的40岁运动员。分析第三段的内容，我们便可以找出正确答案[C]。第三段中明确地指出研究人员发现：导致心脏病发作特征不典型的危险因素主要有六个，它们是：心脏衰弱(源自充血性心肌病)、糖尿病、中风、患者年龄在65岁以上、女性以及患者为少数民族。此外，这些危险因素具有累加性，比如一位75岁的黑人妇女心脏病发作时感到胸口痛的几率低于50％。因此，我们可以推断出本题的正确答案应为[C]“一位天生有糖尿病的67岁黑人妇女”。
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