A、Unusual insects. B、Crop pests and diseases. C、Different organisms. D、Only viruses and bacteria. C

Insects and diseases that attack food crops are moving as rising temperatures bring changes to the environment. Plant diseases alone destroy an estimated 10％ to 16％ of the world’s crops in the field, experts say, and plant diseases destroy another 6％ to 12％ after harvest. A new study examines the movement of crop pests and diseases, and how it will affect agricultural production worldwide. Dan Bebber is a senior research fellow at the University of Exeter in Britain. He says research has shown that wild plants and animals are moving towards Earth’s North and South poles as the planet warms. Mr. Bebber wanted to know if the same thing was happening with organisms that attack agricultural crops. He examined reports of first sightings of new insects and diseases around the world. The records came from CABI—the Centre for Agricultural Bioscience International. He says the group began collecting information from developing and industrialized countries years ago. Dan Bebber and his research team studied 612 different organisms—from viruses and bacteria to insects like beetles and butterflies. They found that since 1960, crop pests and diseases have been moving towards the poles at an average rate of about 3 kilometers each year. Mr. Bebber says this puts the most productive farmland in the world in danger. As new species of pests and diseases evolve and potentially the environment for them becomes more amenable at higher latitudes, the pressure on the breadbasket of the world is going to increase. Farmers face other threats. Invasive species passed through trade are also causing problems. Gene Kritsky is an entomologist at the College of Mount St. Joseph in Ohio. He specializes in the study of insects. He says climate change may improve conditions for some invasive species. It means that species in other parts of the world that might do well in warmer temperatures can now do well in the breadbasket of America. Another entomologist Christian Krupke of Purdue University says the effects of these changes will depend very much on the crop, the insect and the disease. But he says the research is a warning sign that people should care about climate change and do something about it.
    Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
    23. How bad are plant diseases to the crops?
    24. What did Dan Bebber and his research team study?
    25. What does Gene Kritsky say about climate change?