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  3. To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates e

To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates e

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问题     To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to follow is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other examples. Therefore we must turn to a more subtle theory than "Monkey see, monkey do".
    Look at it from the child’s point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do.
    There is a second element at work in this situation. The child may be able to attain his immediate goal only to find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is told emphatically that such a racket is unpleasant, and that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus, the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid with the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and approval when his parents like his response. Then other adults reward some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must adopt responses his social group approves.
    In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wishes to avoid. If the pupil wants to be a good violinist, he will observe and try to copy the techniques of capable players; while some other people may most influence his approach to books.
    Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situations, imitating much that they do. We learn that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitating them leads to success.
By the last sentence of the first paragraph, the author________.
选项 A、compares children’s behaviors to monkeys’
B、tells us that children do not learn by imitation
C、thinks it is partial to regard imitation as "Monkey see, monkey do"
D、means that children should not learn by imitating their parents
答案C
解析 根据the last sentence of the first paragraph，可以直接定位到原文第一段的最后一句话。第一段最后一句提到，我们必须探索出一个比“小猴看样学样”的观点更为精妙的理论。而原文首句中也说认为孩子是通过模仿来学习是把问题过于简单化(oversimplifies)了。由这两句可知，认为模仿就是“小猴看样学样”有失偏颇，因此选项C与原文为含义相同，是正确答案。选项A属于主观推导，原文第一段最后一句只是提及“有样学样(Monkey see, monkey do)”这个观点，而并非是将儿童的行为比作猴子的行为。原文第一段第一句说到“认为孩子是通过模仿来学习”“这是把问题过于简单化了”，过于简单化并不表示没有。因此选项B“告诉我们孩子不是通过模仿来学习的”属于偷换概念。选项D属于无中生有，原文第一段第三句表示孩子有时会无视家长希望他效仿的榜样，反而从一些其他榜样那里学一些截然相反的方式，但这并没有提及孩子不应该通过模仿他们的父母来学习。第一段：“有样学样”的观点已不适用于当今孩子的教育。
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