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  3. The following two excerpts are about whether universities should be free to qualified applicants. From the excerpts, you can fin

The following two excerpts are about whether universities should be free to qualified applicants. From the excerpts, you can fin

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问题    The following two excerpts are about whether universities should be free to qualified applicants. From the excerpts, you can find that some people support free college tuition while others view it as absurd and Utopian.
   Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 WORDS, in which you should:
   1.   summarize the different responses about college tuition, and then
   2.   express your opinion towards college tuition, especially whether universities should be free to qualified applicants.
   Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
   Write your article on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.
   Excerpt 1
                Universities Should Be Free to Qualified Applicants
   Americans are losing access to higher education because more and more students can’t afford the tuition charged by universities.
   This country’s universities have been radically transformed from being free and independent ones in the past. Over half a century ago, universities as the public property of the entire state—opened their doors to qualified applicants with the public funding and for the sake of public welfare as graduates would contribute to the economy of the whole state or nation but today’s universities would be more accurately described as state-controlled private universities—corporate entities that think and behave like businesses. Whereas universities once sought to advance the industry of the state as a whole, with an eye to the common good, universities today treat their research capacity as a source of primary fundraising, developing new technologies and products only for the private sector.
   Currently, only 30% of Americans who start university end up graduating, and this represents a huge waste of time and money. If students did not have to work while in school, the graduation rate would improve drastically, and students at universities could graduate in four years instead of six or more years.
   Not only is higher education seen as a key to economic advancement, but if all 18 - 24 year olds were in college, we would reduce the unemployment rate by 2 million people, and fewer people would be in need of governmental assistance. The fund released in this aspect can be put into a better use of other needed services.
   Excerpt 2
                     Universities: Individuals Pay for Themselves
   Individuals should pay for their higher education. A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual.
   Graduates earn more than non-graduates. Meanwhile, social mobility is ever more dependent on having a degree. However, only some people have it. So the individual, not the taxpayers, should pay for it. There are pressing calls on the resources of the government. Using taxpayers’ money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them.
   Full government funding is not very good for universities. Adam Smith worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees. He knew and looked down upon 18th century Oxford, where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government. Guaranteed salaries, Smith argued, were the enemy of hard work; and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy.
   If students have to pay for their higher education, they would not only work harder, but also demand more from their teachers. And their teachers have to keep them satisfied. If that means taking teaching seriously, and giving less time to their own research interests, that is surely something to celebrate.
   Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy. Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest and create jobs. If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs.   Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest.
   Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their university education.
选项
答案 Open Roads or Toll Roads? As university tuition soars to a record-high level, some argue that a free university will benefit public welfare in a long run in that it can improve the low rate of graduation and shorten students’ study time on campuses. Other opponents, however, point out that as the biggest beneficiaries of higher education both in their social mobility and salaries, students should pay for themselves, which in turn, not only boost their own responsibility but also a high demand for schools. In my opinion, reasonable tuition should be charged for qualified applicants. With sensible tuition, more students will enroll in universities, which must eventually benefit our nation one day. To begin with, the core of higher education should be made to advance the nation as a whole with an eye to the common good instead of only cementing the individual position in the job market. The more civilized a nation is, the sounder its social welfare will become. Sadly though, the hefty charges of universities nowadays hinder many aspiring young people from entering or finishing their education in due time, thus creating an unreasonable waste of talent, time and money. This poses grave damage to a nation which urgently needs specialized talent to revitalize its knowledge economy. Moreover, higher education tuition does harm seemingly to the individual but deeply to the nation, because each family of the nation might dwindle spending, thus dragging the economy into a stagnant deadlock. Therefore, it is high time the government reined in university costs by setting realistic caps on tuition increases. Only by improving access and affordability can our nation improve the quality of its citizens. Studies repeatedly show that societies with a high rate of degree attainment have lower crime rates and higher social welfare. So for the sake of personal fulfillment and more importantly, the development of the whole nation, reasonable expense of university education should be set for its qualified applicants.
解析    本题讨论的是大学教育是否应该免费。选段1持正方观点，通过对比过去大学免费的历史来说明今天大学应该免费，并主要从大学教育免费有利于国家发展的角度来论证这一观点。而选段2则认为大学教育的最大且最直接受益者是个人，因此不应该用其他纳税人的钱来为他人的教育买单。另外，选段还指出大学收费更容易培养学生和老师的责任感。本题的写作重点在于首先概括上述选段要点，其次针对上大学是否应该免费发表自己的观点，尤其要重点论述上大学是否应该免费的原因。
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