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So many people say they struggle with names, even when they’re looking directly at the person whose name they’re trying to recal

admin2023-02-22  83
问题     So many people say they struggle with names, even when they’re looking directly at the person whose name they’re trying to recall. Why does this happen? Why can we recognize someone’s face but not their name? We need to delve a bit deeper into how human memory works to grasp what’s really going on.
    Firstly, faces are very informative. Expressions, eye contact, mouth movements, these are all fundamental ways humans communicate. Facial features also reveal a lot about a person: eye color, hair col-or, bone structure, teeth arrangement; all things that can be used to recognize a person.【B16】___________
    Compared to all this, what does someone’s name have to offer? Potentially some clues as to their background or cultural origin, but in general it’s just a couple of words, a sequence of arbitrary syllables, a brief series of noises that you’re informed belong to a specific face.
    As it turns out, for a random piece of conscious information to go from short-term memory to long-term memory, it usually has to be repeated and rehearsed.【B17】___________ If you meet  someone and they’re the most beautiful person you’ve ever seen and you fall instantly in love, you’d be whispering the object of your affection’s name to yourself for weeks.
    【B18】________________________________________
    The trouble is, this approach takes time and uses mental resources. This means that something you’re thinking about can be easily overwritten or replaced by the next thing you encounter and have to process. When you first meet someone, it’s extremely rare for them to tell you their name and nothing else. You’re invariably going to be involved in a conversation about where you’re from, what you do for work, hobbies, that sort of thing.
    One difference between short- and long-term memory is that they both have different overall preferences for the type of information they process. Short-term memory is largely aural, focusing on processing information in the form of words and specific sounds.【B19】______________
    In contrast to this, the long-term memory also relies heavily on vision and semantic qualities (the meaning of words, rather than the sounds that form them).【B20】__________________
    Overall, faces are more memorable than names because they’re more "tangible," whereas remembering someone’s name is more likely to require full recall than simple recognition.
    [A]  The brain has many strategies for making the most of short-term memory, and one of these is that if you are provided with a lot of details in one go, the brain’s memory systems tend to emphasize the first thing you hear and the last thing you hear.
    [B]  This is why you have an internal monologue, and think using sentences and language, rather than a series of images like a film. Someone’s name is an example of aural information; you hear the words, and think of it in terms of the sounds that form them.
    [C]  This is because your memory associates the name you hear with the person you’re interacting with, so a connection is formed in your brain between person and name.
    [D]  This doesn’t usually happen when you meet someone, so if you wish to learn someone’s name, the only guaranteed way to remember it is to rehearse it while it’s still in your short-term memory.
    [E]  So much so that the human brain has seemingly evolved several features to aid and enhance facial recognition and processing, such as pattern recognition and a general predisposition to pick out faces in random images.
    [F]  So a rich visual stimulus, like, say, someone’s face, is more likely to be remembered long term than some random aural stimulus, like an unfamiliar name.
    [G]  However, you can sometimes skip this step, particularly if the information is attached to something deeply important or stimulating, meaning an episodic memory is formed.
【B18】
选项
答案D
解析 空格处位于第五段开头。空格后说某种方法(this approach)既耗时又耗脑力，因为你正在想着的东西会轻易地被下一个必须去处理的信息所覆盖或取代，推断空格处应该会谈及某一种方法，且与思考和记忆有关。由此初步圈定讲到记忆方法(the only guaranteed way to remember)的D。D代入后，This指代上一段末提到的一见钟情的情况，指出上述这种情况不常见，从而强调还是要采用上文所讲的“通过不断重复”的方法。D将话题从上段末的特殊情况(情景记忆)转回到“通过不断重复来记忆”上：而“不断重复”这种记忆方法意味着耗时、耗脑力，与空格后的takes time和uses mental resources相符。综上所述，D代入后能起到承上启下的作用，使上下文衔接得当，故为答案。
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