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  3. President Roosevelt’s administration suffered a devastating defeat when on January 6, 1936, the Agricultural Adjustment Act was

President Roosevelt’s administration suffered a devastating defeat when on January 6, 1936, the Agricultural Adjustment Act was

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问题    President Roosevelt’s administration suffered a devastating defeat when on January 6, 1936, the Agricultural Adjustment Act was declared unconstitutional. New Deal planners quickly pushed through Congress the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act of 1935 , one purpose of which was conservation, but which also aimed at controlling surpluses by retiring land from production. The law was intended as a stopgap measure until the administration could formulate a permanent farm program that would satisfy both the nation’s farmers and the Supreme Court. Roosevelt’s landslide victory over London in 1936 obscured the ambivalent nature of his support in the farm states. Despite extensive government propaganda, many farmers still refused to participate in the Agricultural Adjustment Administration’s voluntary production control programs, and the burdensome surpluses of 1933 were gone—not the result of the AAA, but a consequence of great droughts.
   In February of 1937, Secretary of Agriculture Wallace convened a meeting of farm leaders to promote the concept of the ever-normal granary, a policy that would encourage farmers to store crop surpluses (rather than dump them on the market) until grain was needed in years of small harvests. The Commodity Credit Corporation would grant loans to be repaid when the grain was later sold for a reasonable profit. The conference chose a Committee of Eighteen, which drafted a bill, but the major farm organizations were divided. Since ten of the eighteen members were also members of the American Farm Bureau Federation, the measure was quickly labeled a Farm Bureau bill, and there were protests from the small, but highly vocal, Farmers’ Holiday Association. When debate on the bill began, Roosevelt himself was vague and elusive and didn’t move the proposed legislation into the "desirable" category until midsummer. In addition, there were demands that the New Deal’s deficit spending be curtailed, and opponents of the bill charged that the AAA was wasteful and primarily benefited corporations and large-scale farmers.
   The Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act had failed to limit agricultural production as the administration had hoped. Farm prices and consumer demand were high, and many farmers, convinced that the drought had ended the need for crop controls, refused to participate in the AAA’s soil conservation program. Without direct crop controls, agricultural production skyrocketed in 1937 , and by late summer there was panic in the farm belt that prices would again be driven down to disastrously low levels. Congressmen began to pressure Roosevelt to place a floor under farm prices by making loans through the CCC, but Roosevelt made such loans contingent upon the willingness of Congress to support the administration’s plan for a new system of crop controls. When the price of cotton began to drop, Roosevelt’s adroit political maneuver finally forced congressional representatives from the South to agree to support a bill providing for crop controls and the ever-normal granary. The following year Congress passed the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938.  
The primary purpose of the passage is to______.
选项 A、describe the events that led to the passage of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938
B、call attention to the economic hardship suffered by farmers during the 1930s
C、discuss the reasoning that led the Supreme Court to declare the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 unconstitutional
D、analyze the connection between changes in weather conditions and the movement of agricultural prices
答案A
解析 主旨大意题。第一段主要讲《农业调整法》遭到反对后，法案制定者使国会通过《土壤保持和国内分配法》作为权宜之策。第二段主要讲农业部长华莱士召开会议成立了十八人委员会，该委员会起草的法案也被称为农业局法案，但该法案也遭到反对。第三段主要讲《土壤保持和国内分配法》没有实现政府预想的限制农业生产的目标。国会议员迫使罗斯福通过发放贷款给农产品限定最低价，而精明的罗斯福根据国会对政府计划的支持意愿来决定是否发放贷款，最终1938年《农业调整法》被通过。综上所述，本文主要描述《农业调整法》从被反对到最终通过过程中发生的系列事件，故答案为[A]项。
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