首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
The Roman language served as the first model for answering the question. Even to someone with no knowledge of Latin, the similar
The Roman language served as the first model for answering the question. Even to someone with no knowledge of Latin, the similar
admin
2012-01-05
69
问题
The Roman language served as the first model for answering the question. Even to someone with no knowledge of Latin, the similarities among Roman languages would have made it natural to suggest that they were derived from a common ancestor. On the assumption that the shared characteristic of these languages came from the common ancestor, it would have been possible to reconstruct many of the characteristics of the original common language. In much the same way it became clear that the branches of the Indo-European family could be studied and a hypothetical family tree constructed, reading back to a common ancestor. This is the tree approach. The basic process represented by the tree model is one of divergence: when languages become isolated from one another, they differ increasingly, and dialects gradually become different until they become separate languages.
Divergence is by no means the only possible tendency in language evolution. Johannes Schmidt introduced a "wave" model, in which linguistic changes were like waves, eventually leading to convergence; that is, growing similarity among languages that were initially quite different.
Today, however, most linguists think primarily in terms of familytrees. It is necessary to construct some models of how language change might occur according to a process-based view. There are four main classes of models.
The first is the process of initial colonization, by which an uninhabited territory becomes populated; its language naturally becomes that of the colonizers. Second are processes of divergence, such as the linguistic divergence arising from separation or isolation mentioned above in relation to early models of the Indo-European languages. The third group of models is based on processes of linguistic convergence. The wave model, formulated by Schmidt in the 1870’s, is an example, but convergence methods have not generally found favor among linguists.
Now, the slow and rather static operation of these processes is complicated by another factor: linguistic replacement. That factor provides the basis for a fourth class of models, in many areas of the world the languages initially spoken by the indigenous people have come to be replaced, fully or partially, by languages spoken by people coming from outside. Were it not for this large complicating factor, the world’s linguistic history could be faithfully described by the initial distribution of Homo Sapiens, followed by the gradual workings of divergence and convergence. So linguistic replacement also has a key role to play in explaining the origins of the Indo-European languages.
This passage is primarily written to ______.
选项
A、discuss the importance of linguistic replacement
B、introduce the origin of the Indo-European language
C、explain the divergence of the Indo-European languages
D、introduce models concerning the origin of the Indo-European languages
答案
D
解析
文章以Indo-European languages的起源为例,围绕语言演化的趋势,对四种模式divergence, linguistic convergence, initial colonization和linguistic replacement展开讨论。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/utua777K
本试题收录于:
翻译硕士(翻译硕士英语)题库专业硕士分类
0
翻译硕士(翻译硕士英语)
专业硕士
相关试题推荐
receptorlanguage
ItusedtobesaidthatEnglishpeopletaketheirpleasuressadly.Nodoubtthiswouldstillbetrueiftheyhadanypleasurest
Therearemorerichpeoplethaneverbefore,includingsome7millionmillionaires,andover400billionaires.Fromsippingcham
Imaginehowmuchenergyisinvolvedinallthatwrinkling,folding,lifting,andmelting—inthecontinuouscreationofEarth’sn
()referstothestudyofsocialaspectsoflanguageanditsrelationwithsociety.
Thiscollectionofshortstoriesissaid______intoatleastfiveforeignlanguagesintheyearstocome.
Hehasbeenresisting______pressuretoresignastheheadoftheorganization.
Theworldisgoingthroughthebiggestwaveofmergersandacquisitionseverwitnessed.TheprocesssweepsfromhyperactiveAmer
Full-timefacultyandstaffontheUniversitypayroll,whenapplyingforanannualpermit,mayauthorizepaymentoftheirparkin
Scienceisadominantthemeinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsome
随机试题
肺癌患者化疗后出现带状疱疹。此种情况属
下列选项中,来源于间叶组织的肿瘤是
外国合营者的下列出资方式中,符合中外合资经营企业法律制度规定的是()。
纸上写有若干个整数,它们的平均数为56,小明将其中的每个奇数乘以2,每个偶数乘以3,所得到的全部计算结果的平均值为134,已知纸上所有奇数的和比所有偶数的和大180,那么纸上共写有几个数?
导游员以翻译的身份赴宴时,要注意的问题包括()。
给定资料1.2014年3月5日,李克强总理在政府工作报告中指出,2014年将进一步推进教育发展和改革,使贫困地区农村学生上重点高校人数再增长10%以上,让更多农家子弟有升学机会。扶持农村教育始终是政府工作的重点。根据报告,2013年我国
根据给出的表格资料,回答以下问题
有如下程序:#includeusingnamespacestd;voidf(inti){cout
WhoisTom?
A、Notfast,notslowly.B、Withabitofchange.C、Slowlybutclearly.D、Witharoaringvoice.B在第一部分对话的最后,男士问女士,演讲速度是要快一些还是慢一些。女
最新回复
(
0
)