首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Definitions of Obesity A)How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-we
Definitions of Obesity A)How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-we
admin
2017-02-24
34
问题
Definitions of Obesity
A)How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-weight tables give an approximate guideline as to whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage.
B)The World Health Organization recommends using a formula that takes into account a person’s height and weight. The "Body Mass Index"(BMI)is calculated by dividing the person’ s weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters, and is thus given in units of kg/m2. A BMI of 18.5-24.9 is considered to be the healthiest. A BMI of between 25 and 29.9 is considered to be overweight, while a BMI of over 30 is considered to be obese.
C)However, it is recognized that this definition is limited as it does not take into account such variables as age, gender and ethnic origin, the latter being important as different ethnic groups have very different fat distributions. Another shortcoming is that it is not applicable to certain very muscular people such as athletes and bodybuilders, who can also have artificially high BMIs. Agencies such as the National Cholesterol Education Program(NCEP)in the USA and the International Diabetes Foundation(IDF)are starting to define obesity in adults simply in terms of waist circumference.
Health Effects of Obesity
D)Over 2000 years ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates wrote that "persons who are naturally very fat are apt to die earlier than those who are slender". This observation remains very true today. Obesity has a major impact on a person’s physical, social and emotional well-being. It increases the risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 2("mature onset diabetes")and also makes Type 2 diabetes more difficult to control. Thus weight loss improves the levels of blood glucose and blood fats, and reduces blood pressure. The association between obesity and coronary heart disease is also well-known.
Cancer
E)Furthermore, in 2001 medical researchers established a link between being overweight and certain forms of cancer, and estimated that nearly 10,000 Britons per year develop cancer as a result of being overweight. This figure was made up of 5,893 women and 3,220 men, with the strongest associations being with breast and colon cancers. However, it is thought that being overweight may also increase the risk of cancer in the reproductive organs for women and in the prostate gland for men.
F)The link between breast cancer and nutritional status is thought to be due to the steroid hormones, oestrogen and progesterone, which are produced by the ovaries, and govern a woman’s menstrual cycle. Researchers have found that the more a woman eats, or the more sedentary her lifestyle, the higher are the concentrations of progesterone. This link could explain why women from less affluent countries have lower rates of breast cancer. Women from less affluent nations tend to eat less food and to lead lifestyles which involve more daily movement. This lowers their progesterone level, resulting in lower predisposition to breast cancer.
G)The Times newspaper, in 2002 reported that obesity was the main avoidable cause of cancer among non-smokers in the Western world!
Aging
H)Research published by St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK in 2005 showed a correlation between body fat and aging, to the extent that being obese added 8.8 years to a woman’ s biological age. The effect was exacerbated by smoking, and a non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added 7.4 years to their biological age. The combination of being obese and a smoker added at least ten years to a woman’s biological age, and although the study only involved women, the lead researcher Professor Tim Spector believes the finding would also apply to men.
I)The aging effect was determined by measuring the length of telomeres, tiny "caps" on the ends of chromosomes, which help protect the DNA from the ageing process. Indeed, telomeres have been dubbed the "chromosomal clock" because, as an organism ages, they become progressively shorter, and can be used to determine the age of the organism. Beyond a certain point, the telomere becomes so short that it is no longer able to prevent the DNA of the chromosome from falling apart. It is believed that excess body fat and the chemicals present in tobacco smoke release free radicals which trigger inflammation. Inflammation causes the production of white blood cells which increases the rate of erosion of telomeres.
Dementia
J)Recent research(2005)conducted in the USA shows that obesity in middle age is linked to an increased risk of dementia, with obese people in their 40s being 74% more likely to develop dementia compared to those of normal weight. For those who are merely overweight, the lifetime risk of dementia risk was 35% higher.
K)Scientists from the Aging Research Centre at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden have been able to take information such as age, number of years in education, gender, body mass index, blood pressure level, physical activity and genetic factors, assigning each a risk score. They then used this information to devise a predictive test for dementia. This test will enable people at risk, for the first time, to be able to affect lifestyle changes which will reduce their risk of contracting dementia.
Other Problems
L)The world-wide upsurge in obesity, particularly in children, is of major economic concern, liable to drain economies. Of further concern is that research conducted in Australia and published in 2006, shows that up to one third of breech pregnancies were undetected by the traditional "palpation" examination, the danger being greatest for those women who are overweight or obese—a growing proportion of mothers. This means that such women are not getting the treatment required to turn the baby around in time for the birth, and in many cases require an emergency cae-sarean section.
M)This is a true health-care crisis, far bigger than Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS)and ultimately, even bigger than AIDS.
Obesity has something to do with cancer in the prostate gland for man.
选项
答案
E
解析
信息明示题。题干:对男人来说,肥胖和前列腺癌症有关。题干关键词cancer in the prostate gland。文中E段最后一句提到,据推测,超重会增加女性生殖器官和男性前列腺患癌症的风险。与题干意思吻合,故选E。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/fxi7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
WhatarethesecretsfromthehappiestpeopleonEarth?Somemakesense:Be【B1】______,married,andhaveajob.Fromthere,though
Accordingtoahandfulofstudies,anamenotonlyrevealscluesaboutaperson’sclass,educationandethnicorigin,itcanalso
Accordingtoahandfulofstudies,anamenotonlyrevealscluesaboutaperson’sclass,educationandethnicorigin,itcanalso
Babyfatissomethingchildrenaresupposedtooutgrow,notgrowinto.Thepercentageofoverweightchildrenhasmorethantrip
A、Lookingforagiftforherhusband.B、Buyingatelevision.C、Bargainingwiththeshopassistant.D、TalkingaboutaTVprogram.
AnewstudyfromtheUniversityofNewSouthWaleshasdiscoveredthatduringtheworkingweek,Australianfathersonlyspendan
当前,全社会对人口问题(issueofpopulation)的认识不断深化。人们对人口问题已经达成了以下共识:控制人口增长有利于实现人口与经济、社会、资源、环境的协调发展和可持续发展;解决人口问题还应强调提高人口素质和健康水平,提高人类生活质量,实现人
Somepeopleborrowmoneyand"forget"topayitback.Largeloansareseldomtheissue:theyareusuallytreatedasbusiness
Somepeopleborrowmoneyand"forget"topayitback.Largeloansareseldomtheissue:theyareusuallytreatedasbusiness
MostofthecollegesofeducationintheUnitedStatesaredoinganinadequatejobof【B1】______elementaryteachersforteachin
随机试题
简述真理及其客观性。
吴女士,30岁,头晕、心悸、牙龈出血、月经量过多半年余,曾在当地服止血药治疗未愈。近1周因呼吸道感染伴发热、齿龈出血加重来门诊检查,诊断为再生障碍性贫血。鉴别再生障碍性贫血和急性白血病最主要的手段是
某患者,患有急性心肌梗死,其突然发生发绀,呼吸困难,神志不清,大动脉搏动消失,下列抢救措施中首选的是
多个社区为了加强健康促进的工作,共同制订了控制吸烟计划,执行该计划一年后,分别达到了不同程度的效果。请判断这些不同的效果分别属于健康教育和行为的具体目标的哪一类型。备选答案如下:A.知识目标B.态度目标C.技巧目标D.行为目标
病毒性肺炎治疗,主要以什么为主
《献血法》通过的日期是
下列说法正确的是()。
(2019年真题)材料:夏日的雨后,大(1)班幼儿来到户外准备做操,发现地上趴着几只蜗牛,都纷纷蹲下来看。音乐声响起,幼儿小心翼翼地站在操场上做操,互相提醒别踩到蜗牛。做完操后,有的幼儿提议要救救蜗牛,还有的幼儿提出要捉几只到班里养着。
小张深夜下班回家,在偏僻路段背包被抢,犯罪嫌疑人驾车逃离现场。小张慌忙跑到附近小区,向保安借手机拨打了110报警电话。小张在报警电话中无需说明()。
PC机中的视频卡用于视频信号的输34输出。下面是有关视频卡功能的叙述Ⅰ.可从多个视频源(如摄像机、录像机、VCD/DVD机)中选择一种输入Ⅱ.具有声音输入/输出功能,能处理MIDI音乐Ⅲ.一般只能支持一种电视制式Ⅳ.
最新回复
(
0
)