首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Dream Functions Dreaming is a common phenomenon. Practically all people dream, although whether they can【1】________them is a
Dream Functions Dreaming is a common phenomenon. Practically all people dream, although whether they can【1】________them is a
admin
2010-01-18
64
问题
Dream Functions
Dreaming is a common phenomenon. Practically all people dream,
although whether they can【1】________them is a different matter. 【1】________
An experiment eliciting people’s responses to the question ’What
did you dream about last night? shows the【2】________of the activity. It is 【2】________
found that everyone in normal health spends part of their night
dreaming and there are many different【3】________of dream performing 【3】________
different functions.
The first function of dreams is that of the experience-【4】________, i.e. 【4】________
the mind reviews past experience and learns the lesson of that
experience. Often the dream representsa more, or less,【5】_______course 【5】________
of action or outcome than the real event.
The second function of dreams is the【6】________type. They help to 【6】________
solve problems by suggesting answers, or【7】________difficulties and 【7】________
indicating a way round them.
The third function is that of wish【8】________. In our dreams we 【8】________
satisfy desires whose gratification is denied to us.
Dreams also function to【9】________us to some external reality, 【9】________
usually by some sensory stimulus.
The final, and the most【10】________one, is the predictive function. 【10】________
Throughout the ages men have believed that future events will be predicted in dreams.
We are not clear whether these are all the functions that dreams may have.
【4】
Dream Functions
Do you often dream? What do you usually see in your dreams? Can you always remember your dreams next morning? From the variety of responses which we could hear to the question ’What did you dream about last night?’ we begin to get an idea of the range of the activity. Research has shown that everyone in normal health spends part of the night dreaming. Remembering the dreams is, of course, a different matter. And just as there are many different types of dream, so, we may suppose, do dreams have a variety of functions? Let us examine just five of many here.
The first is that of the experience-monitoring dream. In this, the mind reviews past experience--the previous day’s or some event in the more distant past-as a way of learning the lesson of that experience. Often the dream has a consequence different from what actually happened, representing a more, or less, desirable course of action or outcome than the real event. After an unsuccessful interview for a job, I dreamed that I was in the same room, before the same people, but speaking this time calmly and persuasively. The conclusion to be drawn from the experience was underlined by the dream: that I should not become nervous and flustered in that particular situation.
If that dream had occurred before my interview, it would have been of the creative type. One important function of the dream is to help to solve problems by suggesting answers, or predicting difficulties and indicating a way round them. Another creative type of dream is one in which the imagination operates in an unusually powerful and productive manner. Large parts of ’Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ came to the author Robert Louis Stevenson in dreams.
The dream function to which Freud and his followers attached greatest importance was that of wish fulfillment. According to the great Viennese psychiatrist, in our dreams we satisfy desires which our circumstances, personal inhibitions, or the rules of the society in which we live, deny us the gratification, or even the conscious knowledge. It is my opinion that wish-fulfillment operates at several levels, of which the simplest require neither a complex nor symbolic explanation.
The fourth dream function is that which alerts us to some external reality, usually by some sensory stimulus: the dream of being at or in a fire from which we awake to find a cigarette smoldering in a bedside ashtray. In this way the senses send messages to the ’sleeping’ mind, warning us of the need to awake in order to take some form of action.
Finally, the most controversial, the predictive function. Whether or not we believe inthe possibility of events being predicted in dreams, the fact is that throughout the ages men have done so. Perhaps the most famous example, celebrated in Christianity and Islam alike, not to mention Judaism, is that of Joseph’s interpretation of the dream of the Pharaoh of Egypt. When the ruler dreamed of seven fat cattle being eaten by seven thin, Joseph predicted that there would be seven years of plenty in the land, followed by seven years of famine, and that is what came to pass.
What other dream functions can you think of? Whatever your answer, it is true that dreams are part of our life.
Now, you have 2 minutes to check your notes, and then complete the gap-filling task on Answer Sheet One in ten minutes.
(a 12-minute interval)
选项
答案
monitoring
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/fyvO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Americanshavefourprimaryavenuesformakingfriends:atwork,atschool,throughahobbyora【C1】______suchasvolunteerwork
Nutritionalstatementsthatdependonobservationoranecdoteshouldbegivenseriousconsideration,butconsiderationshouldal
A、InNewZealand.B、IntheUSA.C、InEngland.D、InJapan.C
YoumightthinkthathamburgerswereinventedintheUnitedStates,butthatisnottotallytrue.These【C1】______,orpatties,a
Researchershaveknownthatsecondhandsmokecanbejustasdangerousfornonsmokersassmokingisforsmokers,butnowthere’s
中国有句古话:“相知无远近,万里尚为邻”。中国与亚洲各国山水相连,共同铸就了灿烂的亚洲文明;古老而美丽的“丝绸之路”,谱写了中欧千年往来的美好篇章。中国与亚欧各国的互利合作正在步人一个全新的阶段。中国已成为亚欧和世界经济发展中的积极力量,我们坚定地走和平发
中国已经明确了本世纪头20年的奋斗目标,这就是紧紧抓住重要战略机遇期,全面建设惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会,到2020年实现国内生产总值比2000年翻两番,达到4万亿美元左右,人均国内生产总值达到3000美元左右,使经济更加发展、民主更加健全、科教更
WhenSheltonJohnsonwas5,hisfamilytookhimtoBerchtesgadenNationalParkintheBavarianAlps.Now52,hestillremembers
BlackstoneGroupLPonThursdayraised$4.13billioninthebiggestUSinitialpublicofferinginfiveyears,asignofthegrow
The10thlaunchofthespaceshuttleChallengerwasscheduledasthe25thspaceshuttlemission.FrancisR.(Dick)Scobeewasth
随机试题
SleepDeprivationNegativeeffectsofsleepdeprivation.oncognitiveperformance—cause【T1】________—interfe
轿车车身磨损的原因和部件有哪些?
在列管式换热器,管间装设了两块横向的折流挡板,则该换热器变成双壳程的换热器
下列不属于知觉的基本特征的是()。
A、误差B、绝对误差C、相对误差D、系统误差E、偶然误差表示误差在测量值中所占的比例()
奥尔菲油田跨越甲乙两国边界,分别位于甲乙两国的底土中。甲乙两国均为联合国成员国,且它们之间没有相关的协议。根据有关的国际法规则和国际实践,对油田归属与开发,下列哪一选项是正确的?(卷一/2007年第34题)
单项工程综合概算是以其所包含的()为基础汇总而成的。
2016年1月1日,甲公司所有者权益:实收资本250万元,资本公积20万元,盈余公积40万元,未分配利润32万元。则甲公司2016年1月1日的留存收益为()万元。
《著作权法》保护的作品,必须具有一定的物质表现形式,能够被第三人利用、复制。这种表现形式类型多样,如各种文字作品、音乐作品及科学技术作品。这是因为作品受法律保护的原因之一是要使其得到传播、利用。再好的作品存在于作者的思想之中,也是没有办法让第三人知晓利用的
Testinghasreplacedteachinginmostpublicschools.Myownchildren’sschoolweekisfocusedonpretests,drills,tests,andr
最新回复
(
0
)