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  3. Mass Media In the last 75 years, such technological innovations as radio, motion pictures, and television have become importa

Mass Media In the last 75 years, such technological innovations as radio, motion pictures, and television have become importa

admin2010-06-18  61
问题                           Mass Media
   In the last 75 years, such technological innovations as radio, motion pictures, and television have become important agents of socialization. Television, in particular, is a critical force in the socialization of American children. Many parents allow the television set to become a child’ s favorite playmate; consequently, children in our society typically watch over three hours of television per day. Remarkably, between the ages of 6 and 18, the average young person spends more time watching the "Tube" ( 15,000 to16,000 hours) than working in school ( 13,000 hours). Apart from sleeping, watching television is the most time-consuming activity of young Americans.
   In contrast to other agents of socialization, such as family members, peers, and schools, television has certain distinctive characteristics. It permits imitation and role playing but does not encourage more complex forms of learning.  Watching television is, above all, a passive experience; one sits back and waits to be entertained.
   Critics of television ate further alarmed by the programming that children view as they sit for hours in front of a television set. It is generally agreed that children are expo8ed to a great deal of violence on television. On Saturday morning cartoon programs, there is a violent act presented every two minutes. By the time of high school graduation, a young person has witnessed some 18,000 fictional murders on television. Can watching so much violence have a numbing effect on one’s sensibilities and moral values? Experiments document that children do tend to become more aggressive and hyperactive after viewing a violent sequence on television. Unfortunately, such studies measure only brief exposure; there are no conclusive data on the impact of television violence after weeks, months, and literally years of viewing.
   Even critics of the medium generally concede that television is not always a negative socializing influence.  Creative programming such as Sesame Street can assist children in developing basic skills essential for schooling.  In addition, television programs and even commercials expose young people to lifestyles and cultures of which they are unaware.
   Clearly, television is a powerful agent of socialization in the United States. Parents may need to monitor this aspect of a child’s environment just as carefully as they evaluate teachers, playmates, and baby-sitters.
In the view of the author, the studies of the impact of television violence on children______.
选项 A、have produced convincing results
B、have yet to be conducted
C、haven’t touched upon long-term effects
D、haven’t arrived at any meaningful conclusion
答案C
解析
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