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  3. Starting this month, roughly one quarter of the world’s population will lose sleep and gain sunlight as they set their clocks ah

Starting this month, roughly one quarter of the world’s population will lose sleep and gain sunlight as they set their clocks ah

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问题     Starting this month, roughly one quarter of the world’s population will lose sleep and gain sunlight as they set their clocks ahead for daylight saving. People may think that with the time shift, they are conserving electricity otherwise spent on lighting. But recent studies have cast doubt on the energy argument— some research has even found that it ultimately leads to greater power use.
    Benjamin Franklin is credited with conceiving the idea of daylight saving in 1784 to conserve candles, but the U.S. did not institute it until World War I as a way to preserve resources for the war effort. The first comprehensive study of its effectiveness occurred during the oil crisis of the 1970s, when the U.S. Department of Transportation found that daylight saving trimmed national electricity usage by roughly 1 percent compared with standard time.
    Scant research had been done since, during which time U.S. electricity usage patterns have changed as air conditioning and household electronics have become more pervasive, observes economist Matthew Kotchen of the University of California, Santa Barbara. But lately, changes to daylight saving policies on state and federal levels have presented investigators new chances to explore the before-and-after impacts of the clock shift.
    In 2006 Indiana instituted daylight saving statewide for the first time. Examining electricity usage and billing since the statewide change, Kotchen and his colleague Laura Grant unexpectedly found that daylight time led to a 1 percent overall rise in residential electricity use, costing the state an extra $9 million. Although daylight time reduces demand for household lighting, the researchers suggest that it increased demand for cooling on summer evenings and heating in early spring and late fall mornings.
    Not all recent analyses suggest that daylight saving is counterproductive. Instead of studying the impact daylight saving changes had on just one state, senior analyst Jeff Dowd and his colleagues at the U.S. Department of Energy investigated what effect it might have on national energy consumption, looking at 67 electric utilities across the country. In their report to Congress, they conclude that the four-week extension of daylight time saved about 0.5 percent of the nation’s electricity per day, or 1.3 trillion watt-hours in total. That amount could power 100,000 households for a year. The study did not just look at residential electricity use but commercial use as well, Dowd says. The disparities between regional and national results could reflect climate differences between states. "The effect we saw could be even worse in Florida, where air conditioning is used heavily," Kotchen suggests.
The text intends to tell us that
选项 A、daylight saving actually contributes to nationwide electricity conservation.
B、as states differ in climate, different daylight saving policies are necessary.
C、whether daylight saving can save energy or not still needs further study.
D、study of effectiveness of daylight saving policies should be conducted regularly.
答案A
解析 本文开篇指出有些研究结果对夏时制的功效提出异议，作者介绍了相关研究，并最后得出结论：尽管某些州实行夏时制用电量上升，但在全国范围内还是下降的。故选A项。作者并没有提议每个州实行不同的夏时制政策，故B项错误；文中介绍的两个相关研究已经说明夏时制节能的功效，由此可排除C项；D项在文中并未提及，故错误。
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