首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Complete the table below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. Talking about the history of bikes
Complete the table below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. Talking about the history of bikes
admin
2017-02-25
60
问题
Complete the table below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Talking about the history of bikes
Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. I’d like to take this opportunity to welcome you to our exhibition, "Two Centuries of the Bike". Let’s stroll around the exhibition, shall we?
Although there were a few early efforts back in the 1700s, you didn’t really see many bikes till, say, the 1830s in England. Bikes were a response to the rapid growth of cities early in the 19th Century. Cities like London were getting too big to walk across! The early bike let people travel with less effort than walking. Plus a bike was a lot cheaper than a horse!
Think of it. No one invented a bike for, what, five thousand years of human history? Why did people do it then? Probably because this was the start of the Machine Age: people wanted machines to do all the work.
There were some drawbacks however. For one thing, there were no pedals. You simply pushed yourself along using your feet. Kind of like today’s skateboard. That meant you went fairly slow. And uphill, you actually worked harder, pushing that two-wheeler. Plus, the wheels were made of wood covered with metal, as you can see from this model. So the downside was that the ride was quite uncomfortable on most roads. Only a few gadget lovers had or used them.
By the 1860s, though, improvements were being made. As you can see from this specimen, metal frames had become the rule. They’re more durable than wood, and they don’t warp in the rain. The biggest improvement however was the development of the chain and sprocket system. They are connected. This meant you did not push the bike. You used pedals just like today. You had to try harder to balance, so it took some practice to figure out how to use the pedals. But it made the ride so much easier. As a result, the good thing was that you could ride a lot more smoothly and with very little effort.
By the 1880s, another big change was the use of rubber wheels. These became pretty common at that time. Though the first ones were solid rubber, the ride was a good deal more comfortable than the old iron and wood system. This is a big consideration because the faster you go, the more you feel every bump. Air-filled tyres - "pneumatic tyres" - didn’t really come into use till around the year 1900, as you can see from this exhibition over here. That made the ride even more comfortable.
So, by 1890 or so, people were going a lot faster and a lot more smoothly. There was one problem when you were going quickly and comfortably: "OH NO! HOW DO I STOP"?! Yes, we all laugh now. But for a long time, the only way to stop was drag your feet. That didn’t work very well and it would be dangerous if you were going fast. In the crowded cities of those years -New York, Chicago, and so on - you would get killed if you couldn’t stop for, say, a streetcar.
Plus look at this bike. The front wheel is nearly a meter and two-thirds tall! They made them that way so you could see over people and wagons. But, you couldn’t drag your feet. This model is called a "velocipede" - a "speed pedal." Another characteristic of the bike in this period is that it has two equal-sized wheels, which signaled a big change in bikes.
For with the velocipede, brakes appeared. If you wanted to stop, you just pushed the pedal backwards. Doing that stopped the back wheel of the bike. This technique worked a lot better than dragging your feet, or jumping off the high seat there! This meant that bikes became a great deal safer. It would have been safer if people wore helmets, but the first bicycle helmet wasn’t invented until years later, and even then it was little more than a leather ballcap. It really wasn’t until the 1970s that the bike helmet was modified to provide some real protection.
Before continuing on to look at developments since the 1890s, let’s say a word more about safety. Everyone knows if you’re going downhill, you can get going dangerously fast. To go more than a hundred kilometres an hour isn’t all that difficult! But even on level ground it’s easy to go too quickly. On a city street, today’s bicycles can be ridden at a speed of over forty miles an hour, over a short distance. That’s about sixty-four kilometres an hour. Remember you’re on a bike, not in a car. There’s nothing to protect you. People are killed in single-bicycle accidents every day, just from hitting the road.
A good rule to remember is, if you’re going faster than the cars, slow down. And please wear a helmet. Nearly one-quarter of the epilepsy cases come from head injuries in accidents on bikes and motorcycles. I didn’t mean to scare you, but safety is everyone’s business.
What? Now that’s a good question. Why are today’s bikes so much faster? Well it’s not just that today’s athletes are faster. The answer is partly mechanical. If you look closely here, at the back wheel you’ll see a number of gears. Changing gears is what makes those fast speeds possible. You can shift gears depending on the terrain and how hard you wish to pedal. So you can put it on a higher gear for downhill, and a lower gear for uphill travel to make it easier to climb that slope. You’ll notice this gear-shifting mechanism is attached at the back wheel, and when the rider shifts on the handlebar gear-shifter, the chain moves to the appropriate sprocket. And, speaking of changing gears, let’s look over here at our "Tour de France" exhibit……
选项
答案
uncomfortable
解析
uncomfortable该题所在纵列要填写disadvantage,首先通过观察该列的其他内容,大概得知这部分要填形容词,所以在听录音时,要重点听表示负面、消极意思的形容词。同时,录音中也出现转折句:There were some drawbacks however。这是换题的标志。通过这些我们很快可以知道此处应该填写uncomfortable。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/gn8O777K
本试题收录于:
雅思听力题库雅思(IELTS)分类
0
雅思听力
雅思(IELTS)
相关试题推荐
InternetandTVtechnologydevelopveryquicklynowadays.Somepeoplesaythattheywilltaketheplaceofradio.What’syou
Whatdisadvantageswillpeoplemeetiftheycannotusecomputers?Whatshouldourgovernmentdo?
Somepeoplesaythatthebestwaytoimprovepublichealthisbyincreasingthenumberofsportsfacilities.Others,however,sa
Thepositionofwomeninsocietyhaschangedmarkedlyinthelasttwentyyears.Manyoftheproblemsyoungpeoplenowexperience
Somepeoplethinkthebestwaytoreducecrimeistogivelongerprisonsentences.Others,however,thinktherearebetterways
Thegraphbelowgivesinformationfroma2008reportaboutconsumptionofenergyintheUSAsince1980withprojectionsuntil20
Thepiechartbelowshowsthemainreasonswhyagriculturallandbecomeslessproductive.Thetableshowshowthesecausesaffec
Insomecountries,therehasbeenanincreaseinthenumberofparentswhoeducatetheirchildrenthemselvesathomeinsteadof
Questions27-30Foreachquestion,onlyONEofthechoicesiscorrect.Writethecorrespondingletterintheappropriateboxon
随机试题
女性,28岁,妊娠2个月,因头痛、头晕2周来院检查。既往有反复上感、咽炎及扁桃体炎史,8年前曾出现“血尿”。父母均有高血压病。人院查体:轻度贫血貌。BP170/98mmHg,P90/分,双肺(一),心界不大,心律整,心尖部闻及3/6级收缩期吹风样杂音,肝脾
当窝沟封闭剂涂布于酸蚀牙釉质表面时,树脂材料即可渗入微孔结构,形成为酸蚀后的最表层,厚约10mm
A.第3胸椎棘突下,旁开1.5寸B.第5胸椎棘突下,旁开1.5寸C.第6胸椎棘突下,旁开1.5寸D.第7胸椎棘突下,旁开1.5寸E.第9胸椎棘突下,旁开1.5寸肝俞穴位于
施工期环境影响最小的施工方法是()。对于原农药厂厂区车站用地的土壤,以下说法正确的是()。
雨期施工中,调整砌筑砂浆水灰比的最主要参数是()。
1916年,随着联合汽车公司并入“通用”,阿尔弗雷德.斯隆出任通用副总裁。作为通用副总裁的斯隆,发觉到通用管理上存在的问题。斯隆指出公司过去将领导权完全集中在少数高级领导人身上,造成了公司各部门失去控制的局面。他认为,大公司较为完善的组织管理体制,应以集中
按照法律规范的性质和调整方式分类,法律规范分为()。
某船舶进港卸货。你们作为检验检疫工作人员对船舶进行卫生及相关检疫,花了半个小时,还没有结束。船长非常生气,说你们工作效率低。耽误时间,要投诉你们。作为检验检疫工作人员,你会如何与该船长沟通?请现场模拟。
设总体X~U[0,θ],其中θ>0,求θ的极大似然估计量,判断其是否是θ的无偏估计量.
已知方程组,总有解,则λ应满足______.
最新回复
(
0
)