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Wherever people have been, they have left waste behind, which can cause all sorts of problems. Waste often stinks, attracts verm

admin2014-06-13  60
问题     Wherever people have been, they have left waste behind, which can cause all sorts of problems. Waste often stinks, attracts vermin and creates eyesores. More seriously, it can release harmful chemicals into the soil and water when dumped, or into the air when burned. And then there are some really nasty forms of industrial waste, such as spent nuclear fuel, for which no universally accepted disposal methods’ have thus far been developed.
    Yet many also see waste as an opportunity. Getting rid of it all has become a huge global business. Rich countries spend some $120 billion a year disposing of their municipal waste alone and another $150 billion on industrial waste. The amount of waste that countries produce tends to grow in tandem with their economies, and especially with the rate of urbanization. So waste firms see a rich future in places such as China, India and Brazil, which at present spend only about $5 billion a year collecting and treating their municipal waste.
    Waste also presents an opportunity in a grander sense: as a potential resource. Much of it is already burned to generate energy. Clever new technologies to turn it into fertiliser or chemicals or fuel are being developed all the time. Visionaries see a world without waste, with rubbish being routinely recycled.
    Until last summer such views were spreading quickly. But since then plummeting prices for virgin paper, plastic and fuels, and hence also for the waste that substitutes for them, have put an end to such visions. Many of the recycling firms that had argued rubbish was on the way out now say that unless they are given financial help, they themselves will disappear.
    Subsidies are a bad idea. Governments have a role to play in the business of waste management, but it is a regulatory and supervisory one. They should oblige people who create waste to clean up after themselves and ideally ensure that the price of any product reflects the cost of disposing of it safely. That would help to signal which items are hardest to get rid of, giving consumers an incentive to buy goods that create less waste in the first place.
    That may sound simple enough, but governments seldom get the rules right. In poorer countries they often have no rules at all, or if they have them they fail to enforce them. In rich countries they are often inconsistent: too strict about some sorts of waste and worryingly lax about others. They are also prone to imposing arbitrary targets and taxes. California, for example, wants to recycle all its trash not because it necessarily makes environmental or economic sense but because the goal of “zero waste” sounds politically attractive.
Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?
选项 A、Rich countries might help poor countries to treat the waste.
B、California’s “zero waste” program makes no environmental sense.
C、More taxes are needed to collect and treat the waste efficiently.
D、Governments’ policies on waste industry are largely incoherent.
答案D
解析 推理判断题。尾段二、三句说：穷国要么没有处理垃圾的相关政策，要么执行不力；而富国的政策往往又前后不一。故[D]正确。[A]“富国可能会帮助穷国处理垃圾”，尾段未提及；该段尾句提到，加州的“零垃圾”计划并不是基于对环境和经济有好处的考虑，而是带有政治目的；该句话只能说明“零垃圾”计划的动机不纯，并不能说它就对环境没有好处，故[B]不正确；[C]“需要征收更多的税来更有效地处理垃圾”，尾段也未提到。
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