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  3. Harvard professor Harvey Mansfield stirred up controversy recently by criticizing the violent grade inflation at his institution

Harvard professor Harvey Mansfield stirred up controversy recently by criticizing the violent grade inflation at his institution

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问题     Harvard professor Harvey Mansfield stirred up controversy recently by criticizing the violent grade inflation at his institution, stating, "I was told that the most frequently given grade at Harvard right now is an A-." A recent【C1】________of 200 colleges and universities also found that more than 40 percent of all grades awarded were in the A range. Some argue that these inflated grades are【C2】________for the competitive job market, but at the national level it is a negative-sum game that【C3】________serious costs on society. Be-cause grades are【C4】________at A or A+, grade inflation results in a greater concentration of students at the【C5】________of the distribution. This【C6】________of grades diminishes their value as a(n)【C7】________of student abilities. There is also evidence that【C8】________grading reduces student effort. As giving low grades puts students at a disadvantage【C9】________to their peers, professors face strong【C10】________to award inflated grades.
    【C11】________universities need to take steps to bring it under【C12】________. Recently, some universities have experimented with【C13】________information about the grade distribution for each course either online or on student transcripts. So, if employers are aware that grades in a particular course were high, they might be less【C14】________with the students who earned those grades. Thus, students might seek out tougher courses,【C15】________professors to offer such courses in【C16】________The administration of Princeton issued a【C17】________that no more than 35 percent of grades awarded in undergraduate courses should be in the A range. These steps may not be【C18】________with students and professors, but it’s necessary to prevent higher education from【C19】________into Lake Wobegon— "where... all the children are above【C20】________."  
【C7】
选项 A、way
B、development
C、anchor
D、indicator
答案D
解析 空格前their指代grades“分数”，as一词意为“作为”，修饰的是their value，根据常理我们知道分数在一定程度上能说明个人能力，故选D项indicator“指示(者)”。A项way“方式”和C项anchor。“靠山”都无法表明“分数”与“学生能力”之间的对应关系。分数并不能发展学生能力，故排除B项development“发展”。
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