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  3. Truth in advertising is a concept central to the American free market economic system. According to this theory, companies that

Truth in advertising is a concept central to the American free market economic system. According to this theory, companies that

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问题     Truth in advertising is a concept central to the American free market economic system. According to this theory, companies that advertise their products to mass audiences must strictly deliver on their promises, and the quality of their goods must live up to the hype put out by the sellers. In order to examine just how important truthful advertising is, let us consider for a moment a world in which there was no such constraint imposed upon sellers. It would be a world where advertisers were free to exaggerate or even lie as they pleased, doing anything to make their products look great, even when it’s of inferior quality.
    Firstly, the unreliability of the goods in question would no doubt shatter consumer confidence. Wary buyers would shop much less, thus decreasing the volume of trade and leading to a weakened overall economy. Further, the market would find itself stagnating, the lack of growth attributable to the fact that everyone is reluctant to buy products of which they are uncertain. Without growth, no progress is achieved.
    Innovation on all fronts would suffer as well. With consumers constantly on guard against getting ripped off, brand loyalty would be more important than ever. Buyers would simply stick with products that they know to be of good quality and be very hesitant to spend their money on "riskier", unfamiliar ones. This would make entry into the market by new sellers or producers almost impossible, even if their products were of better quality than existing ones, simply because no one would be willing to give them a try. With new players effectively barred from the game, we’re left with the same goods in the market, day after day, year after year.
    In the real world, however, truth in advertising allows American consumers to trust the boasts of producers. Thus, brand loyalty is less of an impenetrable barrier to entry. In order to enter into the market, new sellers or producers would simply have to create a better product and then announce the fact. Those who violate the principle of truth in advertising by making false claims of quality are punished on two fronts. The first is by the law and the second, perhaps more effectively, is by the buyers themselves, who will refuse to do business with the dishonest seller in the future. Imposed by both law and market forces, the principle of truth in advertising is a useful tool that allows for a more efficient, pliable market poised for growth and constantly reinvigorating itself with new producers and goods. These producers are constantly competing against one another for the right to sing the praises of their products—truthfully, of course.
The first sentence of paragraph 4 tells us that______.
选项 A、because truthful advertising is enforced, the negative results previously mentioned in the text are avoided
B、because the previously mentioned negative results are avoided, truthful advertising can and does feasibly occur
C、because of truthful advertising laws, the quality of a product will always live up to its manufacturer’s boasts
D、in the real economy, consumers trust the boasts of producers
答案A
解析 属信息推断题。第四段第一句指出：然而，在现实世界中，广告宣传应实言以告这条原则让美国的消费者相信生产厂商的自我推销。由此可推知，实施诚实广告可以避免上文提到的负面影响，故选项A正确。选项B是本句的反面推理，不一定正确；选项C中always的使用与原文内容不符；选项D中的boast范围太大，应该有限度，原文最后一句点明：赞扬是不能说假话的。
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