首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Unlike an earthquake, a demographic disaster does not strike without warning. Japan’s population of 127m is predicted to fall to
Unlike an earthquake, a demographic disaster does not strike without warning. Japan’s population of 127m is predicted to fall to
admin
2012-12-30
40
问题
Unlike an earthquake, a demographic disaster does not strike without warning. Japan’s population of 127m is predicted to fall to 90m by 2050. As recently as 1990, working-age Japanese outnumbered children and the elderly by seven to three. By 2050 the ratio will be one to one. As Japan grows old and feeble, where will its companies find dynamic, energetic workers?
For a company president pondering this question over a laboriously prepared breakfast of steamed rice, broiled salmon, miso soup and artistically presented pickles, the answer is literally staring him in the face. Half the talent in Japan is female. Outside the kitchen, those talents are woefully underemployed, as Sylvia Ann Hewlett and Laura Sherbin of the Centre for Work-Life Policy, an American think-tank, show in a new study called "Off-Ramps and On-Ramps; Japan".
Nearly half of Japanese university graduates are female but only 67% of these women have jobs, many of which are part-time or involve serving tea. Japanese women with degrees are much more likely than Americans (74% to 31%) to quit their jobs voluntarily. Whereas most Western women who take time off do so to look after children, Japanese women are more likely to say that the strongest push came from employers who do not value them. A startling 49% of highly educated Japanese women who quit do so because they feel their careers have stalled.
The Japanese workplace is not quite as sexist as it used to be. Pictures of naked women, ubiquitous on salarymen’s desks in the 1990s, have been removed. Most companies have rules against sexual discrimination. But educated women are often shunted into dead-end jobs. Old-fashioned bosses see their role as prettifying the office and forming a pool of potential marriage partners for male employees. And a traditional white-collar working day makes it hard to pick up the kids from school.
Even if the company rule book says that flexitime is allowed, those who work from home are seen as uncommitted to the team. Employees are expected to show their faces before 9 am, typically after a long commute on a train so packed that the gropers cannot tell whom they are groping. Staff are also under pressure to stay late, regardless of whether they have work to do: nearly 80% of Japanese men get home after 7 pm, and many attend semi-compulsory drinking binges in hostess bars until the small hours. Base salaries are lows salarymen are expected to fill their pay packets by putting in heroic amounts of overtime.
Besides finding these hours just a bit inconvenient, working mothers are unlikely to get much help at home from their husbands. Japanese working mums do four hours of child care and housework each day—eight times as much as their spouses. Thanks to restrictive immigration laws, they cannot hire cheap help. A Japanese working mother cannot sponsor a foreign nanny for a visa, though it is not hard for a nightclub owner to get "entertainer" visas for young Filipinas in short skirts. That says something about Japanese lawmakers’ priorities. And it helps explain why Japanese women struggle to climb the career ladder: only 10% of Japanese managers are female, compared with 46% in America.
Japanese firms are careful to recycle paper but careless about wasting female talent. Some 66% of highly educated Japanese women who quit their jobs say they would not have done so if their employers had allowed flexible working arrangements. The vast majority (77%) of women who take time off work want to return. But only 43% find a job, compared with 73% in America. Of those who do go back to work, 44% are paid less than they were before they took time off, and 40% have to accept less responsibility or a less prestigious title. Goldman Sachs estimates that if Japan made better use of its educated women, it would add 8. 2m brains to the workforce and expand the economy by 15%—equivalent to about twice the size of the country’s motor industry.
We can infer that all the following hinder Japanese educated women from moving forward EXCEPT
选项
A、corporate culture.
B、political system.
C、male chauvinism.
D、legal policies.
答案
B
解析
推断题。按照试题顺序从第五段开始浏览,该段介绍了日本企业中工作时间的问题,第六段提到了日本家庭中妻子和丈夫做家务的时间不同,以及法律对日本主妇雇佣外国保姆的规定,这里没有涉及日本的政治制度,故[B]为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/h3aO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Itisalongtimeforalargemountofbigcorporationsorinternationalcompaniestopaymuchattentiontoanever-importantsu
ThenumberoftheRepresentativesfromeachAmericanstatedependsonthe______.
A、Butchersandsupermarketswereaffected.B、Theex-presidentwasoverthrown.C、Roadstothecapitalwereblocked.D、Exporttaxe
Beguninthelate1960sbyPentagonweaponsresearchersasasystemforeasingcommunicationbetweencomputersindisparateelec
Youshouldnotfearspidersthankstotheirpoison.Ofallthespidersin【M1】______NorthAmerica,onlyonekindisreallyda
Variationsamongstateinsurancelawscancauseproblemsforfamilies.Ifyoudoyour【M1】______homeworkbeforemovingtoanoth
Definingthemeaningof"happiness"isaperplexingproposition;thebestonecandoistotrytosetsomeextremestotheidea
______isgenerallydefinedasthestudyofmeaningandusuallypaysattentiontothestudyofmeaningoflinguisticunitsthemse
Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsofthenational1.______marketplace.Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternsc
Thedistinctionbetweenacquisitionandlearningisputforwardby______.
随机试题
选择性堵水机理是利用油、水和岩石性质,以及出油、水层间的差异来选择堵剂的。()
遗传性非息肉性结肠直肠癌(HPCC)严重威胁人类健康,发病率为5‰,造成这种癌症的基因突变发生在体内
A、胎膜B、卵巢黄体C、叶状绒毛膜D、胎儿胎盘单位E、胎盘合体滋养细胞妊娠10周后,产生雌激素的主要部位是
A.自汗B.盗汗C.大汗D.战汗E.局部出汗
我国北方某地,冬季最大积雪厚度为500mm,夏季时屋面经常有人停留,其通气管以下图示哪个正确?
按所处的地位分,属于从热源至换热站的供热管道系统是()。
货币市场基金投资于同一商业银行发行的次级债的比例不得超过基金资产净值的( )。
Everyoneagreesthatinnovationisthekeytosolvingthemanychallengeswefaceasacountryfromhealthcaretoeducationto
对教师的考核应当()①客观、公正、准确②充分听取教师本人的意见③充分听取其他教师的意见④充分听取学生的意见
2012年,快递业务有效申诉问题合计()。
最新回复
(
0
)