首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below. IT WAS the summer, scientists n
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below. IT WAS the summer, scientists n
admin
2015-03-03
57
问题
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.
IT WAS the summer, scientists now realise, when global warming at last made itself unmistakably felt. We knew that summer 2003 was remarkable: Britain experienced its record high temperature and continental Europe saw forest fires raging out of control, great rivers drying to a trickle and thousands of heat-related deaths. But just how remarkable is only now becoming clear.
The three months of June, July and August were the warmest ever recorded in western and central Europe, with record national highs in Portugal, Germany and Switzerland as well as in Britain. And they were the warmest by a very long way. Over a great rectangular block of the earth stretching from west of Paris to northern Italy, taking in Switzerland and southern Germany, the average temperature for the summer months was 3.78°C above the long-term norm, said the Climatic Research Unit(CRU)of the University of East Anglia in Norwich, which is one of the world’s leading institutions for the monitoring and analysis of temperature records.
That excess might not seem a lot until you are aware of the context — but then you realise it is enormous. There is nothing like this in previous data, anywhere. It is considered so exceptional that Professor Phil Jones, the CRU’s director, is prepared to say openly — in a way few scientists have done before — that the 2003 extreme may be directly attributed, not to natural climate variability, but to global warming caused by human actions.
Meteorologists have hitherto contented themselves with the formula that recent high temperatures are "consistent with predictions" of climate change. For the great block of the map — that stretching between 35-50N and 0-20E — the CRU has reliable temperature records dating back to 1781. Using as a baseline the average summer temperature recorded between 1961 and 1990, departures from the temperature norm, or "anomalies", over the area as a whole can easily be plotted. As the graph shows, such is the variability of our climate that over the past 200 years, there have been at least half a dozen anomalies, in terms of excess temperature — the peaks on the graph denoting very hot years — approaching, or even exceeding, 2°C. But there has been nothing remotely like 2003, when the anomaly is nearly four degrees.
"This is quite remarkable," Professor Jones told The Independent "It’s very unusual in a statistical sense. If this series had a normal statistical distribution, you wouldn’t get this number. The return period[how often it could be expected to recur]would be something like one in a thousand years. If we look at an excess above the average of nearly four degrees, then perhaps nearly three degrees of that is natural variability, because we’ve seen that in past summers. But the final degree of it is likely to be due to global warming, caused by human actions."
The summer of 2003 has, in a sense, been one that climate scientists have long been expecting. Until now, the warming has been manifesting itself mainly in winters that have been less cold than in summers that have been much hotter. Last week, the United Nations predicted that winters were warming so quickly that winter sports would die out in Europe’s lower-level ski resorts. But sooner or later the unprecedented hot summer was bound to come, and this year it did.
One of the most dramatic features of the summer was the hot nights, especially in the first half of August. In Paris, the temperature never dropped below 23°C(73.4°F)at all between 7 and 14 August, and the city recorded its warmest-ever night on 11-12 August, when the mercury did not drop below 25.5°C(77.9°F). Germany recorded its warmest-ever night at Weinbiet in the Rhine valley with a lowest figure of 27.6°C(80.6°F)on 13 August, and similar record-breaking nighttime temperatures were recorded in Switzerland and Italy.
The 15,000 excess deaths in France during August, compared with previous years, have been related to the high night-time temperatures. The number gradually increased during the first 12 days of the month, peaking at about 2,000 per day on the night of 12-13 August, then fell off dramatically after 14 August when the minimum temperatures fell by about 5°C. The elderly were most affected, with a 70 per cent increase in mortality rate in those aged 75-94.
For Britain, the year as a whole is likely to be the warmest ever recorded, but despite the high temperature record on 10 August, the summer itself — defined as the June, July and August period — still comes behind 1976 and 1995, when there were longer periods of intense heat. At the moment, the year is on course to be the third-hottest ever in the global temperature record, which goes back to 1856, behind 1998 and 2002, but when all the records for October, November and December are collated, it might move into second place, Professor Jones said. The 10 hottest years in the record have all now occurred since 1990. Professor Jones is in no doubt about the astonishing nature of European summer of 2003. "The temperatures recorded were out of all proportion to the previous record," he said. "It was the warmest summer in the past 500 years and probably way beyond that. It was enormously exceptional."
His colleagues at the University of East Anglia’s Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research are now planning a special study of it. "It was a summer that has not been experienced before, either in terms of the temperature extremes that were reached, or the range and diversity of the impacts of the extreme heat," said the centres executive director, Professor Mike Hulme.
"It will certainly have left its mark on a number of countries, as to how they think and plan for climate change in the future, much as the 2000 floods have revolutionised the way the Government is thinking about flooding in the UK. "The 2003 heatwave will have similar repercussions across Europe."
Questions 14-19
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?
In boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet write
YES if the statement agrees with the information
NO if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
The temperature is measured twice a day in major cities.
选项
A、Yes
B、No
C、Not Given
答案
C
解析
原文中没有提及任何关于“measured twice in major cities”的信息。题目中出现原文未提及的细节信息或概念,所以选择Not Given。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/h5NO777K
本试题收录于:
雅思阅读题库雅思(IELTS)分类
0
雅思阅读
雅思(IELTS)
相关试题推荐
Feministcriticshaveoftenponderedwhetherapostmodernlanguagemaybearticulatedthatobviatestheessentialistarro
BeforeGibson,populardiscoursesurroundingtheInformationAgeoftendepictedthecurrenteraasoneinwhichadvanced
Ithasbeenobservedthatone’sinterestintheworldisneversoapprobatedaswhenoneis______otherpeople’sscandalandtrag
Manynutritionists,havingknownfordecadesthatsaturatedfat,foundinabundanceinredmeatanddairyproducts,raise
Manynutritionists,havingknownfordecadesthatsaturatedfat,foundinabundanceinredmeatanddairyproducts,raise
NewYorkCityisfullofpeoplelikeMr.O’Neal-life-longbibliophileswithaaccumulation,holedupincompactspacesinthein
Wedidnotdiscoverthathisapprehensionconcerningourhypothesiswas______untilwellafterward,followingaseriesofrigorou
Akeyfeatureofquantuminformationscienceistheunderstandingthatgroupsoftwoormorequantumobjectscanhavesta
Althoughthescientist’srecommendationsmayhavebeen______,thestudentshadtroublefollowinghis______presentationandw
Howisanewbornstarformed?Fortheanswertothisquestion,wemustlooktothefamiliarphysicalconceptofgravitat
随机试题
风冷式冷却器常用在行走设备上。()
如何才能提高教育督导评估活动的科学性?
—What’stheresultofthebasketballmatch?—Yousee,therain______itandthesecondhalfisputofftillnextPEclass.
异烟肼中毒解救时可静脉给予摄入量相等的维生素是
下列有关公司合并或分立的表述,不正确的是:()
双重绝缘是兼有________的绝缘。()
A、 B、 C、 D、 A图中每一行大圆依次逆时针旋转90。,小圆依次顺时针旋转90°,即得到下一个图形,故正确答案为A。
我国《宪法》规定,对于公民的申诉、控告或者检举,有关国家机关(),负责处理。
改革开放30多年的实践证明,市场决定资源配置是市场经济的一般规律,健全社会主义市场经济体制必须遵循这条规律,而要推动资源配置实现效益最大化和效率最优化的基本依据是市场规则、市场价格、市场竞争。以下对政府和市场的关系表述正确的有()
毛泽东作的《关于正确处理人民内部矛盾的问题》的讲话中,提出了()。
最新回复
(
0
)