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  3. The 1992 Rio conference was a high watermark for environmental law. Despite all the many accomplishments since then, we must now

The 1992 Rio conference was a high watermark for environmental law. Despite all the many accomplishments since then, we must now

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问题 The 1992 Rio conference was a high watermark for environmental law. Despite all the many accomplishments since then, we must now acknowledge that Rio has not fulfilled the promises with which the world invested it. After 50 years of diligent and sophisticated work by environmental lawyers on legislation, regulation, principles, treaties, and judicial decisions, how is it that the "actual landscape" of the world’s resources is still "slipping two steps backward for each forward stride?"
Part of the explanation for that disappointment result can be found in the statements issued by a distinguished international collection of prosecutors, judges, and legal scholars at the Rio + 20-related World Congress on Justice, Governance, and Law for Environmental Sustainability. They focused almost exclusively on matters of substantive doctrine and legal procedure. Recommitment to enhancing "law" in this narrow sense—a body of formal rules and principles and the judicial and prosecutorial mechanisms for their application and enforcement—certainly has great value, and that work should go forward vigorously. But the ongoing ecological deterioration is traceable in large part of pervasive social and political attitudes favoring a growth-based model of economic "development" that steadily intensifies human appropriation of planetary resources.
To address the root of the problem, it will be argued here, environmental law needs a more expansive society-based conception of " law," one that activates law as a social institution engaged broadly with the habits and customs, the expectations and aspirations, of people and organizations in their daily lives. Environmental lawyers, then, need a fresh and bold reimagination of their mission, to hone and use their persuasive and analytical skills in creative ways to alter the social dynamic underlying environmental change and to foment a deep commitment to effectively stewardship of resources.
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答案 对环境法而言，1992年的里约会议是一个里程碑式的会议。会议结束至今，我们虽然取得了很大进展，但不能否认的是，里约会议并未实现世界寄予它的厚望。50年来，在立法、法规、政策、条约以及司法裁决等方面，环保律师做了大量艰苦卓绝而又细致的工作。可是，为何世界资源的“实际图景”依旧是“每前进一步就后退两步”呢? 在关于“环境可持续发展司法、管理与法律”的“里约+20”世界会议上，一批国际知名检察官、法官和法学家的发言在一定程度上解释了出现上述令人失望的结果的原因。这些人将重点几乎全部集中在实际的规则及法律程序之上。狭义的“法律”由正式的规定和政策，以及促进规定及政策实施的司法和诉讼机制组成。重新审视加强狭义“法律”的实施意义重大，而且这项工作需要坚定有力地推进。然而，社会和政治普遍青睐以增长为基础的经济“发展”模式，持续加剧了人类对地球资源的侵占，生态不断退化的现象显著。 这里要讨论的是，要从根源解决上述问题，需要赋予环境法以社会为基础的更广义的“法律”概念，让其成为人们日常生活和机构日常运作中的一种制度，广泛融入他们的生活习惯、期待和愿望。那么，环保律师需要大胆地重塑自己的使命，以创新的方式磨炼并运用说服能力和分析能力，从而改变环境变化背后的社会动态，倡导国家和机构有效地监管资源。
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