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  3. Elite memory athletes are not so different from their peers in any other sport: They face off in intense competitions where they

Elite memory athletes are not so different from their peers in any other sport: They face off in intense competitions where they

admin2022-04-20  18
问题     Elite memory athletes are not so different from their peers in any other sport: They face off in intense competitions where they execute seemingly superhuman feats such as memorizing a string of 500 digits in five minutes. Most memory athletes credit their success to hours of memorization technique practice. One lingering question, though, is whether memory champs succeed by practice alone or are somehow gifted. Recent research suggests there may be hope for the rest of us. A study, published today in Neuron, provides solid evidence that most people can successfully learn and apply the memorization techniques used by memory champions, while galvanizing large-scale brain changes in the process.
    A team led by Martin Dresler at Radboud University in the Netherlands used a combination of behavioral tests and brain scans to compare memory champions with the general population. It found top memory athletes had a different pattern of brain connectivity than controls did, but also that subjects who learned a common memorization technique over a period of weeks, not years, greatly improved their memory skills, and began to exhibit brain connection patterns resembling those of elite memorizers.
    Many of us learn new skills throughout our lives, and scientists have long wondered if and how our brains change as a result. Previous research has linked some skills to specific brain changes. One well-known set of studies showed that London taxi drivers developed more gray matter in their hippocampi (a brain area linked to memory) as they acquired the knowledge needed to navigate London’s haphazard maze of streets. Dresler and colleagues, motivated in part by co-author and professional memory trainer Boris Konrad, decided to focus on elite memory athletes who utilize memorization techniques to compete at highly specific tasks such as memorizing decks of cards or lines of binary digits in minutes. They wanted to know whether these highly skilled practitioners exhibit noticeable brain changes and how those changes occur.
    James McGaugh, a neurobiologist at the University of California, Irvine, who was not involved in the study, considers it to be in a similar vein as the London taxi cab research, but highlights an important difference: Rather than pinpointing a particular brain region, the present study found an overall change in brain connections. "All of our brains are malleable all the time, and this is just another piece of evidence of that," he says. "If you learn something and you learn it well, the brain changes. A super memory follows.
By referring to the case of London taxi drivers, the author intends to show________.
选项 A、the local residents are better suited to be taxi drivers
B、the mechanism of specific brain changes
C、the extensive use of memorization techniques
D、the relation of skills to brain changes
答案D
解析 本题是推断题。根据题干中的关键词London taxi drivers定位至第三段第三句。作者提到“伦敦出租车司机”的例子是为了说明“学习技能与大脑变化之间的关系”；且后文中也说明了“技能学习引起大脑变化”的观点。故答案选D。A项“当地居民更适合做出租车司机”在文中并未提及，故排除；B项“特定大脑变化的机制”并非作者举该例子要表达的观点，故排除；C项“记忆技巧的广泛使用”与出租车司机的例子无关，故排除。
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