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  3. "The impulse to excess among young Britons remains as powerful as ever, but the force that used to keep the impulse in check has

"The impulse to excess among young Britons remains as powerful as ever, but the force that used to keep the impulse in check has

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问题     "The impulse to excess among young Britons remains as powerful as ever, but the force that used to keep the impulse in check has all but disappeared," claimed a newspaper. Legislation that made it easier to get hold of a drink was "an Act for the increase of drunkenness and immorality", asserted a politician.
    The first statement comes from 2005, the second from 1830. On both occasions, the object of scorn was a parliamentary bill that promised to sweep away " antiquated" licensing laws. As liberal regulations came into force this week, Britons on both sides of the debate unwittingly followed a 19th-century script.
    Reformers then, as now, took a benign view of human nature. Make booze cheaper and more readily available, said the liberalisers, and drinkers would develop sensible, continental European-style ways. Nonsense, retorted the critics. Habits are hard to change; if Britons can drink easily, they will drink more.
    Worryingly for modern advocates of liberalisation, earlier doomsayers turned out to be right. Between 1820 and 1840, consumption of malt (which is used to make beer) increased by more than 50%. Worse, Britons developed a keener taste for what Thomas Carlyle called "liquid madness"—gin and other spirits.
    The backlash was fierce. Critics pointed to widespread debauchery in the more disreputable sections of the working class. They were particularly worried about the people who, in a later age, came to be known as "ladettes". An acute fear, says Virginia Berridge, who studies temperance at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, was that women would pass on their sinful ways to their children.
    In the 19th century, temperance organisations set up their own newspapers to educate the public about the consequences of excess. That, at least, has changed: these days, the mainstream media rail against the demon drink all by themselves.
According to the text, the author’s attitude toward licensing laws is______.
选项 A、biased
B、negative
C、indifferent
D、affirmative
答案D
解析 这是一道细节题，测试考生对原文中标点符号使用的准确把握和理解。本题的答案信息来源在第二段的第二句。在该句中形容词“antiquated”(过时的)修饰限定其后的“licensing laws”(许可法)。作者在原文中把antiquated一词加上了引号，这个引号的含义是“所谓的”，即作者本人并不认为许可法(licensing laws)过时了。由此可以推断本题的正确选项是D“affirmative”(肯定的)。考生在阅读时要注意原文中的标点符号的使用及其特殊功能。
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