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  3. Blast injuries, caused by the sort of explosions that occurred in Boston Monday, can be sonic of the most difficult and complex

Blast injuries, caused by the sort of explosions that occurred in Boston Monday, can be sonic of the most difficult and complex

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问题     Blast injuries, caused by the sort of explosions that occurred in Boston Monday, can be sonic of the most difficult and complex injuries to treat. The "blast wave" from the explosion acts like "an invisible wall of energy. " Its tremendous energy can inflict massive internal injuries, says Mark Morocco, associate professor of emergency medicine. Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center.
    "Blast injury is one of the most challenging constellations of injuries," says John Chovanes, trauma surgeon at Cooper University Hospital in Camden, N. J. , and an Army reservist who has done three combat tours in Iraq and Afghanistan. He has treated dozens of blast victims. In one explosive event, Chovanes says, a victim can suffer the blunt trauma of a high-speed auto accident from the high-pressure blast wave, the penetrating destruction of multiple bullet wounds from the shrapnel and potentially a swath of disfiguring burns. The rapid pressure wave can instantly inflate the stomach with air, then immediately suck it out. Such pressure is many times worse than the sudden pressure changes that people feel in their ears when a plane changes altitude. The force can rupture intestines, collapse lungs and knock the brain around inside the skull, he says. "You can have disruption of brain function without any physical finding," Morocco says," You can have internal injuries even without any obvious bleeding. "
    Boston hospitals reported that many patients had injuries to their lower legs. That’s consistent with a bomb placed at ground level, such as in a backpack, Morocco says. "Bits of leg can be blown away from the pressure wave, which is like a big wind," Morocco says. "It knocks you down." In addition to creating a massive shock wave, an explosion can also cause shrapnel or other bits of metal to slice through flesh like a knife, Morocco says.
    While no city is ever completely prepared for the kind of horror that beset Boston Monday, the city’ s emergency management system is about as good as it gets, says Richard Zane, chair of emergency medicine at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. "Boston has the most robust mass casualty plan of any city in the United States," says Zane. who previously worked in Boston’ s Brigham and Women’s Hospital for 14 years. "I’m certain this response was so well orchestrated because they have planned for this before, they have drilled for this before. "
    Boston is home to some of the best regarded hospitals in the world. Beyond the skill of its surgeons and staff, however, the city also has an integrated emergency response system-including police, fire and others—to coordinate and direct care in an emergency. That ensures that patients are portioned out to hospitals evenly, so that individual facilities aren’t overwhelmed. Coordinating care at the scene of a disaster can save lives, Morocco says, through making hard choices about which patients need to be taken first to a hospital, which can wait and which is too injured to even try.
    Even patients with extensive injuries are likely to survive if treated within "the golden hour," Morocco says. Patients who languish more than an hour without treatment often don’t make it.
Which one of the following is not a characteristic of Boston’s emergency management system?
选项 A、hospital, police, fire and others coordinate and direct care
B、patients are portioned out to hospitals evenly
C、it is created by a non-governmental organization
D、coordinating care makes hard choice about which patients need treatment first
答案C
解析 本题考查考生对波士顿城市应急管理系统的理解。AB选项和原文一致．A只是比原文添加了“医院”，这个是显而易见的，虽然原文没有直接提及。D选项是对文中摩洛哥所说内容的部分总结，他说道“灾难现场的协调护理可以挽救生命，经过艰难的选择来决定哪些病人需要首先被送到医院，哪些是可以等待的，以及哪些伤势过重以至于不需要尝试救治了”，也就是D选项所说的决定哪些病人需要首先被治疗。C选项是迷惑选项，通常国外的这种公共机构很多是由非政府组织创建并管理的，但是关于波士顿这一城市应急管理系统的属性，文中并没有提及，因此C不是它的特征。这道题目是“选非”题型，因此选择C。
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