首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies--and other creatures--learn to do things because certain acts lead to
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies--and other creatures--learn to do things because certain acts lead to
admin
2011-01-21
54
问题
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies--and other creatures--learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的) "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement "switched on" a display of lights and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for in- stance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
The babies would "smile and bubble" at the lights because ______.
选项
A、the lights were directly related to some basic "drives"
B、the sight of the lights was interesting
C、they need not turn back to watch the lights
D、they succeeded in "switching on" the lights
答案
D
解析
从文中最后一段的第二句“it was...skill”,可知此题答案为D。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/hY3d777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语三级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语三级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
Generallyspeaking,aBritishiswidelyregardedasaquiet,shyandconservativepersonwhois【C1】______onlyamongthosewithw
Generallyspeaking,aBritishiswidelyregardedasaquiet,shyandconservativepersonwhois【C1】______onlyamongthosewithw
Whyare"HowTo"booksingreatdemandintheUnitedStates?
Manyphrasesusedtodescribemonetarypolicy,suchas"steeringtheeconomytoasoftlanding"or"atouchonthebrakes",mak
[A]Thefirstandmoreimportantistheconsumer’sgrowingpreferenceforeatingout:theconsumptionoffoodanddrinkinplace
Humansliketoregardthemselvesasexceptional.Manyphilosophersbelievehumansaretheonly【C1】______whichunderstandsthato
Inadditiontotheestablishedenergysourcessuchasgas,coal,oilandnuclear,thereareanumberofothersourcesthatweou
Insomeways,thehumanbodyisbothlikeafurnaceandlikeanengine.Itmusthavefueltoproduceheatasafurnace【C1】______
Insomeways,thehumanbodyisbothlikeafurnaceandlikeanengine.Itmusthavefueltoproduceheatasafurnace【C1】______
Whatdoesthemansayabouttheseminar?
随机试题
下列哪项不是牙源性角化囊肿的病理改变
A.无适应证用药B.有禁忌证用药C.超适应证用药D.联合用药不适宜E.过度治疗用药阿司匹林用于治疗有消化道溃疡的患者镇痛属于()。
下列哪项是慢性肾衰竭患者的表现
污水物理处理法去除的对象是( )。
( )文件不需监理单位保存。
物流信息系统项目的可行性论证可以避免错误的投资决策,它为需求分析及初步设计的编写提供了()结构,使企业人员对整个系统有一个整体的了解。
看书的时候用红笔划重点以便阅读是利用知觉的()。
在一次商业谈判中,甲方代表说:“根据以往贵公司履行合同的情况,有的产品不具备合同规定的要求,我方蒙受了损失,希望以后类似的情况不再发生。”乙方代表回应道:“履约时出现质量问题,按规定可以退回或求偿,贵公司当时既没退货,也未提出求偿要求。这究竟是怎么回事?”
关于商品的二因素和生产商品的劳动二重性的说法中.不正确的是
Charlie’spersonalWebsitereceivesmorethanathousandhitsaday,andmostofthevisitors______thepicturespresentedthere
最新回复
(
0
)