首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Scientists have been surprised at how deeply culture—the language we speak, the values we absorb—shapes t
Scientists have been surprised at how deeply culture—the language we speak, the values we absorb—shapes t
admin
2023-02-22
60
问题
Scientists have been surprised at how deeply culture—the language we speak, the values we absorb—shapes the brain, and are rethinking findings derived from studies of Westerners.【B16】___________
The "me" circuit hummed not only when they thought whether a particular adjective described themselves, but also when they considered whether it described their mother. The Westerners showed no such overlap between self and mom.
【B17】_______________________
For instance, it is a cultural cliche that Westerners focus on individual objects while East Asians pay attention to context and background. Sure enough, when shown complex, busy scenes, Asian-Americans and non-Asian-Americans recruited different brain regions. The Asians showed more activity in areas that process figure-ground relations—holistic context—while the Americans showed more activity in regions that recognize objects.
【B18】________________
The brain’s dopamine-fueled reward circuit became most active at the sight of the stance—dominant for Americans, submissive for Japanese—that each volunteer’s culture most values, they reported in 2009. This raises an obvious chicken-and-egg question, but the smart money is on culture shaping the brain, not vice versa.
Cultural neuroscience wouldn’t be making waves if it found neurobiological bases only for well-known cultural differences. It is also uncovering the unexpected. For instance, a 2006 study found that native Japanese speakers use a different region of the brain to do simple arithmetic (3 + 4) or decide which number is larger than native English speakers do, even though both use Arabic numerals. The Japanese use the circuits that process visual and spatial information and plan movements. But English speakers use language circuits.【B19】__________________"One would think that neural processes involving basic mathematical computations are universal," says Ambady, but they "seem to be culture-specific."
It’s also important to ask whether neuroscience reveals anything more than we already know from,
say, anthropology.【B20】______________________Does identifying brain correlates of those values offer any extra insight?
After all, it’s not as if anyone thought those values are the result of something in the liver.
Ambady thinks cultural neuroscience does advance understanding. Take the me/mom finding, which, she argues, "attests to the strength of the overlap between self and people close to you in collectivistic cultures and the separation in individualistic cultures. It is important to push the analysis to the level of the brain." Especially when it shows how fundamental cultural differences are—so fundamental, perhaps, that "universal" notions such as human rights, democracy, and the like may be no such thing.
[A] Psychologist Nalini Ambady of Tufts found something similar when she and colleagues showed drawings of people in a submissive pose (head down, shoulders hunched) or a dominant one (arms crossed, face forward) to Japanese and Americans.
[B] Scientists discover another case of experience shaping the brain: people who are blindfolded for just five days can reprogram their visual cortex to process sound and touch.
[C] To take one recent example, a region behind the forehead called the medial prefrontal cortex supposedly represents the self: it is active when Americans think of their own identity and traits. But with Chinese volunteers, the results were strikingly different.
[D] From the sensory information we absorb to the movements we make, our lives leave footprints on the bumps and fissures of our cortex, so much so that experiences can alter "hard-wired" brain structures.
[E] It is as if the West conceives numbers as just words, but the East imbues them with symbolic, spatial freight.
[F] For instance, it’s well known that East Asian cultures prize the collective over the individual, and that Americans do the opposite.
[G] "Cultural neuroscience," as this new field is called, is about discovering such differences. Some of the findings, as with the "me/mom" circuit, support longstanding notions of cultural differences.
【B19】
选项
答案
E
解析
空格前是一项研究发现,指出英语母语者和日语母语者在进行某些数学运算时运用的大脑回路不同。空格后援引阿姆巴迪的话,指出包含基本数学计算的神经处理过程似乎也有文化特征。空格前后均涉及数学、算术、神经回路这些信息,故空格处应该也与此相关。各项中,只有E提到了相关信息。E讲到了东西方人对数字的不同看法,进一步说明前文的研究的发现,其中的the West conceives numbers as just,words对应了空格前的English speakers use language circuits,而the East…spatial freight则对应了空格前的The Japanese…plan movements。故答案选E。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/hZMD777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Scientistssentpatternsofelectricitycoursingacrosspeople’sbrains,coaxingtheirbrainstoseelettersthatweren’tthere.
SupposeyouareamemberofStudentUnion,writeanoticetorecruitstaffforanInternationalConferenceonlanguageteaching.
Anyonewho’severbeenwithababycantellyou:ifthey’reupsetaboutsomething,theywillletyouknow.Scientistshavebeen
Inourcontemporaryculture,theprospectofcommunicatingwith—orevenlookingat—astrangerisvirtuallyunbearable.Everyone
TheInternetaffordsanonymitytoitsusers,ablessingtoprivacyandfreedomofspeech.Butthatveryanonymityisalsobehind
TheInternetaffordsanonymitytoitsusers,ablessingtoprivacyandfreedomofspeech.Butthatveryanonymityisalsobehind
TheInternetaffordsanonymitytoitsusers,ablessingtoprivacyandfreedomofspeech.Butthatveryanonymityisalsobehind
Abouthalfofallmedicalpatientsgetadrug,inanygivenyear,thatcouldinteractwiththeirgenesandcauseserioussideef
Theblind,overweightpatientinthewheelchairhasterriblepaininherbackandburningpaininherlegs.Nowhershoulderhas
[A]Accordingtoatwo-yearstudy,wearablefitnesstrackersdesignedtocoaxusersintobustingmovesandburningcaloriesth
随机试题
有一对母女很喜欢小鸟,但她们反对养鸟,因为养鸟剥夺了小鸟自由歌唱、自由飞翔的权利。相反,她们非常热衷于放生活动,认为放生活动又环保又慈善。有一次,母女俩买了两对小鸟,兴高采烈地去参加放生活动。爬上山头,看见参加放生的有好几百人。一声礼炮响起,千鸟齐飞,有人
近代中国人民反侵略战争斗争屡遭失败的原因是什么?
我国的发展战略是只注重经济发展的战略。
患者:男,80岁,自觉右上腹痛,腹胀,食欲减退2个多月,近感乏力,明显消瘦。无呕吐,无腹泻。检查:神清,皮肤及巩膜无黄染。超声所见:肝切面形态尚正常,肝内回声不均匀,于肝左右两叶内均可见多个大小不等的较低回声包块,最大一个位于肝右叶,约37mm×32mm
2006年5月,甲、乙、丙、丁、戊5家公司出资组建A有限责任公司,注册资本2000万元。其中,甲以货币出资500万元,乙以厂房作价出资600万元,丙以技术作价出资400万元;丁以设备作价出资200万元,戊以商标作价出资300万元。公司成立后,发现股东丁的设
下列关于市场风险管理中久期缺口的说法中正确的是()
某游客因其同房的另一位游客常常回来很晚,影响其休息,遂向地陪提出住单间的要求。此时,该地陪应该()。
酸雨是指PH值低于5.6的大气降水(包括雨、雪、露、霜),造成酸雨的主要原因是大气中的()。
越是观念混杂、欲望生长,越需要恪守道德责任,这是企业的社会责任所在。在商业活动、市场行为中,展示更为积极向上的价值观,传达更多真善美的道德追求,才真正是“企业公民”应有之为。无数健康向上的经典营销策划、无数感人美好的成功广告案例,都证明商业文化绝不仅仅是“
[*]
最新回复
(
0
)