首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Using tools doesn’t make humans, dolphins, and crows smart. Rather, it’s the stress and challenge of living with others—recogniz
Using tools doesn’t make humans, dolphins, and crows smart. Rather, it’s the stress and challenge of living with others—recogniz
admin
2018-02-17
43
问题
Using tools doesn’t make humans, dolphins, and crows smart. Rather, it’s the stress and challenge of living with others—recognizing friend from foe, calculating who to deceive and who to befriend—that led these and other social creatures to evolve their cognitive skills. That’s the gist of the social intelligence hypothesis, an idea that’s been around since 1966. But does having to remember whose lice need picking actually improve other mental abilities, like figuring out how to open a locked box with a hunk of meat inside? A new study of four carnivores—two social and two solitary species—suggests that it does.
"They’ve taken an important issue and tested it in a simple but novel way," says Richard Byrne, an evolutionary psychologist at The University of St. Andrews in the United Kingdom, who was not involved in the study. "The results are clear;
The cognitive benefit from being a social carnivore does transfer" to a mental ability that has nothing to do with being social
, he says.
Other researchers think the results aren’t as clear-cut. " It is important and a valuable stepping stone in our quest to understand how intelligence evolved, but like all studies, it is one piece of a larger puzzle," says Sarah Benson-Amram, a zoologist at the University of Wyoming in Laramie, whose recent comparative study of 39 species of carnivores reached the opposite conclusion.
Scientists devised the social intelligence hypothesis to explain the evolution of the human brain. They’ve found that most social species (from chimpanzees to social wasps) have relatively large brains and are cognitively sophisticated, adept at experiments designed to test their smarts. But some researchers argue that another factor—a challenging environment—may also stimulate cognitive evolution. If so, then more solitary species could also be large-brained and smart thanks to the ecological difficulties they face.
Other researchers concur, but with caveats. " They did find a nice link between sociality and success" on this task, says Evan MacLean, a comparative psychologist at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. But he wonders what type of cognition the ability to open a puzzle box actually demonstrates. " It may be reflective of trial and error learning, insight, or just of curiosity or interest in novel objects. "
The puzzle box is also not particularly " ecologically relevant," to the carnivores, notes primatolo-gist Frans de Waal at Emory University in Atlanta, who would like to see the animals tested on some type of predator-prey task. Still, it is " a good first step and a fresh approach to the intelligence of carnivores , a group we have neglected for too long. "
What would be the best title for this article?
选项
A、Carnivores’ intelligence is underestimated.
B、Good social skills make animals smarter.
C、Smarts: social animals versus solitary animals.
D、Puzzle; How to solve it inside a large box.
答案
B
解析
主旨题。文章开宗明义,认为相互交往是让动物变得更聪明的重要原因。后续段落则通过举例子、采访专家等形式进一步阐述社会性群居动物所拥有的“益智”优势。选项[B]最为贴切地概括了文章的中心思想,所以是正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/hkBZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
TobaccoConsumptionWriteanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthesetofpictures.Inyouressay,youshould1)interpret
IdolWorshipStudythephotoscarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1)describethephotosbriefly,2)in
ComplainingWritealetterofabout100wordsbasedonthefollowingsituation:Youorderedahairdryeronlineatthec
Aslongaspeoplehavelookedupatthenightsky,theyhavewonderedwhetherhumanityisaloneintheuniverse.Ofplacesclose
【F1】Theevolutionofintelligenceamongearlylargemammalsofthegrasslandswasdueingreatmeasuretotheinteractionbetwee
Thetechnologicalrevolutionsofthelasttwodecadeshaveplacedasevereburdenontheconceptoftechnologytransfer.Itisq
Itusedtobesostraightforward(直接的).Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsofthe
Itusedtobesostraightforward.Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsoftheirres
Glaciersconsistoffallensnowthatcompressesovermanyyearsintolarge,thickenedicemasses.Mostoftheworld’sglacialic
随机试题
流行性出血热的病原体是
A.6个月B.90日C.60日D.15日公民、法人或者其他组织认为具体行政行为侵犯其合法权益,可以自知道该具体行政行为之日起提出行政复议的最长时效是()。
毛石基础接槎应做成()。
背景天津某高层框架剪力墙结构建筑,地下2层,地上18层。由于地质条件不太理想,所有柱及墙底均设计有D=800mm的泥浆护壁灌注桩加桩承台基础、地连梁,地下室底板为整体筏板。施工过程中发生了以下事件:事件一:成孔后清孔换浆,测定桩底沉渣厚度合格,然后下放
银监会提出的良好监管标准包括()。
对从业人员来说,劳动合同()。
可以不经著作人许可且不向其支付报酬的情况是()。
设某商品的需求量D和供给量S各自对价格P的函数为且P是时间t的函数,并满足方程其中a,b,k为正的常数.求:当t=0,P=1时的价格函数P(t);
设f(x)在x=0处存在二阶导数,且则f’’(0)=______.
执行以下程序段:a$="VisualBasicProgramming"b$="C++"C$=UCase(Left$(a$,7))&b$&Right$(a$,12)后,变量e$的值为()。
最新回复
(
0
)