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  3. Surprisingly enough, modern historians have rarely interested themselves in the history of the American South in the period befo

Surprisingly enough, modern historians have rarely interested themselves in the history of the American South in the period befo

admin2010-05-25  60
问题       Surprisingly enough, modern historians have rarely interested themselves in the history of the American South in the period before the South began to become self-consciously and distinctively "Southern"—the decades after 1815. Consequently, the cultural history of Britain’s North American Empire in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries has been written almost as if the Southern colonies had never existed. The American culture that emerged during the Colonial and Revolutionary eras has been depicted as having been simply an extension of New England Puritan culture. However, Professor Davis has recently argued that the South stood apart from the rest of American society during the early period, following its own unique pattern of cultural development. The case for Southern distinctiveness rests upon two related premises: first, that the cultural similarities among the five Southern colonies were far more impressive than the differences, and second, that what made those colonies alike also made them different from the other colonies. The first, for which Davis offers an enormous amount of evidence, can be accepted without major reservations; the second is far more problematic.
     What makes the second premise problematic is the use of the Puritan colonies as a basis for comparison. Quite properly, Davis decries the excessive influence ascribed by historians to the Puritans in the formation of American culture. Yet Davis inadvertently adds weight to such ascriptions by using the Puritans as the standard against which to assess the achievements and contributions of Southern colonials. Throughout, Davis focuses on the important, and undeniable, differences between the Southern and Puritan colonies in motives for and patterns of early settlement, in attitudes toward nature and native Americans, and in the degree of receptivity to metropolitan cultural influences.
     However, recent scholarship has strongly suggested that those aspects of early New England culture that seem to have been most distinctly Puritan, such as the strong religious orientation and the communal impulse, were not even typical of New England as a whole, but were largely confined to the two colonies of Massachusetts and Connecticut. Thus, what in contrast to the Puritan colonies appears to Davis to be peculiarly Southern—acquisitiveness, a strong interest in politics and the law, and a tendency to cultivate metropolitan cultural models—was not only more typically English than the cultural patterns exhibited by Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut, but also almost certainly characteristic of most other early modern British colonies from Barbados north to Rhode Island and New Hampshire. Within the larger framework of American colonial life, then, not the Southern but the Puritan colonies appear to have been distinctive, and even they seem to have been rapidly assimilating to the dominant cultural patterns by the last Colonial period.
The passage suggests that by the late Colonial period the tendency to cultivate metropolitan cultural models was a cultural pattern that was ______.
选项 A、dying out as Puritan influence began to grow
B、self-consciously and distinctively Southern
C、more characteristic of the Southern colonies than of England
D、spreading to Massachusetts and Connecticut
答案D
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第二句话“what—acquisitiveness...”，“a tendency to cultivate metropolitan cultural models... exhibited by Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut”，对政治法律的热望、着力打造大都市文化模式的倾向，这些具有清教徒主义典型特征的东西在Davis眼中却是典型南方文化的特征，不仅在具有典型的清教徒倾向的马萨诸塞州和康涅狄格州出现，也成了其他大英殖民地的典型特质。所以选择D 。选项A 和B 正好与这种趋势相反，C 选项排除，文中没有提到英格兰的情况。
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