2. 外语
  3. I shall mention two or three matters in which the need for cooperation between philosophy and science is especially intimate. 【T

I shall mention two or three matters in which the need for cooperation between philosophy and science is especially intimate. 【T

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问题     I shall mention two or three matters in which the need for cooperation between philosophy and science is especially intimate. 【T1】Since scientific method depends upon first-hand experimental controlled experiences, any philosophic application of the scientific point of view will emphasize the need of such experiences in the school, as over against mere acquisition of ready-made information that is supplied in isolation from the students’ own experience. So far, it will be in line with what is called the "progressive" movement in education. But it will be an influence in counteracting any tendencies that may exist in progressive education to slight the importance of continuity in the experiences that are had and the importance of organization. Unless the science of education on its own ground and behalf emphasizes subject-matters which contain within themselves the promise and power of continuous growth in the direction of organization, it is false to its own position as scientific. 【T2】In cooperation with a philosophy of education, it can lend invaluable aid in seeing to it that the chosen subject-matters are also such that they progressively develop toward formation of attitudes of understanding the world in which students and teachers live and toward forming the attitudes of purpose, desire and action which will make pupils effective in dealing with social conditions.
    Another point of common interest concerns the place in the schools of the sciences, especially the place of the habits which form scientific attitudes and methods. The sciences had to battle against powerful enemies to obtain recognition in the curriculum. In a formal sense, the battle has been won, but not yet in a substantial sense. For scientific subject-matter is still more or less isolated as a special body of facts and truths. 【T3】The full victory will not be won until every subject and lesson is taught in connection with its bearing upon creation and growth of the kind of power of observation, inquiry, reflection and testing that are the heart of scientific intelligence. Experimental philosophy is at one with the genuine spirit of a scientific attitude in the endeavor to obtain for scientific method this central place in education.
    Finally, the science and philosophy of education can and should work together in overcoming the split between knowledge and action, between theory and practice, which now affects both education and society so seriously and harmfully. Indeed, it is not too much to say that institution of a happy marriage between theory and practice is in the end the chief meaning of a science and a philosophy of education that work together for common ends.
【T3】
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答案要取得彻底胜利，就必须使每一学科和课程的讲授与培养学生观察、探究、思考和检验等能力的相关之事联系起来，而这些能力正是科学才智的核心。
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