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  3. By the end of the Middle Ages the technological systems called cities had long since become a central feature of Western life. I

By the end of the Middle Ages the technological systems called cities had long since become a central feature of Western life. I

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问题     By the end of the Middle Ages the technological systems called cities had long since become a central feature of Western life. In 1600 London and Amsterdam each had【B1】______ of more than 100,000, and twice that number【B2】______ in Paris.【B3】______,the Dutch, English, Spanish, and French were beginning to establish, 【B4】______ empires. Colonialism and trade【B5】______ a powerful merchant class that helped to create an increasing【B6】______ for such luxuries as wine, coffee, tea, cocoa, and tobacco. These merchants【B7】______ a style of life aspired to by the wider populace.【B8】______ the beginning of the 18th century, capital resources and banking systems were well enough【B9】______ in Great Britain to initiate investment in mass-production techniques that would【B10】______ some of these middle-class aspirations.
    The Industrial Revolution commenced in England, 【B11】______ that nation had the technological 【B12】______, government encouragement, and a large and varied trade network. The first factories appeared in 1740,【B13】______ textile production. In 1740 the【B14】______ of English people wore woolen garments, but【B15】______ the next 100 years the rough, often unhealthy woolens were【B16】______ by cotton—especially【B17】______  the invention of the machine by Eli Whitney, an American, in 1793.
    One of the most important innovations in the weaving process was【B18】______ in France in 1801 by Joseph Jacquard. This use of punched cards inspired the British mathematician Charles Babbage to attempt to【B19】______  a calculating machine based on the same principle.【B20】______ this machine never became fully practical, it foretold the great computer revolution of the 20th century.
【B1】
选项 A、populations
B、peoples
C、inhabitants
D、individuals
答案A
解析 空缺前后谈论这些国家的人口多少，该词与下文的populace具有照应关系。选项[B]peoples含义为“民族，种族”，偏离了原文话题。选项[C]inhabitants侧重于“仅指长久居住或栖息在某一地方的人或动物”，该词不如populations贴近文章。同理，选项[D]individuals侧重于“任何个体，常强调个体存在的不可分割性。多指一群中的个别成员，尤指单个人，常与表示集体概念的社会、种族、家庭等相对应”，而原文侧重的是人口整体数量。
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考研英语一

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