A subject that seems to have been insufficiently studied by doctors and psychologists is the influence of geography and climate

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问题     A subject that seems to have been insufficiently studied by doctors and psychologists is the influence of geography and climate on the psychological and physical health of humankind. There seems no doubt that the general character of landscape, the relative length of day and night, and climate must all play a part in determining what kind of people we are.
    It is true that a few studies have been made. Where all the inhabitants of a particular area enjoy exceptionally good or bad health, scientists have identified contributory factors such as the presence or absence of substances like iodine, fluoride, calcium, or iron in the water supply, or perhaps types of land that provide breeding places for pests like mosquitoes or rats.
    Moreover, we can all generalize about types of people we have met. Those living in countries with long dark winters are apt to be less talkative and less lively than inhabitants of countries where the climate is more equable. And where olives and oranges grow, the inhabitants are cheerful, talkative, and casual.
    But these commonplace generalizations are inadequate: the influence of climate and geography should be studied in depth. Do all mountain dwellers live to a ripe old age? Does the drinking of wine, rather than beer, result in a sunny and open character? Is the strength and height of a Kenyan tribe due to their habitual drinking of the cow blood?
    We are not yet sure of the answers to such questions, but let us hope that something beneficial to humankind may eventually result from such studies.
We may infer that " iodine, fluoride, calcium... "(Para. 2)are______.

选项 A、substances which act positively or negatively on human health
B、harmful substances in the water supply
C、substances which help provide breeding places for pests
D、substances contributory to the height and strength of a person

答案A

解析 第二段第二句提到,饮用水里是否含有诸如iodine,fluoride,calcium,iron等这些元素会影响到这一地区人们的健康状况。可见,作者并没有明确说这些元素到底是有利于健康还是有害于健康。
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