首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Replying to our Christmas "good guru guide", Peter Drucker, the grand old man of management theory, speculated that the word "gu
Replying to our Christmas "good guru guide", Peter Drucker, the grand old man of management theory, speculated that the word "gu
admin
2013-05-20
57
问题
Replying to our Christmas "good guru guide", Peter Drucker, the grand old man of management theory, speculated that the word "guru" had become popular only because "charlatan" was too long a word for most headlines. Few people are easier to ridicule than management gums. Irrepressible self-publicists and slavish fashion-merchants, they make a splendid living out of recycling other people’s ideas ("chaos management"), coining euphemisms ("downsizing") and laboring the obvious ("managing by wandering around" or the customer is king"). Their books draw heavily on particular case studies — often out-of-date ones that have nasty knack of collapsing later. And their ideas change quickly. Tom Peters, once a self-confessed sycophant to the corporate behemoth is now an apostle of the small, chaotic, "virtual" organization.
Gurus do have their uses, however. Begin with the circumstantial evidence. In America, where management theories are treated with undue reverence, business is bouncing back. In Germany, where business schools hardly exist and management theory is widely seen as an oxymoron, many companies are in trouble. German business magazines are suddenly brimming with articles about "downsizing" and "business process re-engineering" In Japan firms are once again turning to business theories from America — just as their fathers learnt after the Second World War from American quality-control techniques. Coincidence does not prove causation: American firms were just as much in love with gurus when they were doing badly. But the fact that Germans and Japanese are paying attention again does offer some clues. The most important point in favor of management theories is that they are on the side of change. In 1927 a group of psychologists studying productivity at Western Electric’s Hawthorne factory in Illinois found that workers increased their output whenever the level of lighting was changed, up or down. At the very least, theorists can make change easier by identifying problems, acting as scapegoats for managers — or simply making people think. A vested interest in change can lead to faddism. But, taken with a requisite dose of scepticism, it can be fine complacency-shaker.
A second argument for gurus relates to knowledge. The best management theorists collect a lot of information about what makes firms successful. This varies from the highly technical, such as how to discount future cash flow, to softer organizational theories. Few would dispute the usefulness of the first. It is in the second area — the land of "flat hierarchies" and "multi-functional teams" — that gurus have most often stumbled against or contradicted each other. This knowledge is not obviously providing a strategic recipe for success: there are too many variables in business, and if all competitors used the same recipe it would automatically cease to work. But it does provide something managers want: information about, and understanding of, other companies experience in trying out tactics — thinner management structures, handing power to workers, performance-related pay, or whatever.
A good analogy may be with diets. There is no such thing as the "correct" diet, but it is clear that some foods, in some quantities, arc better for you than others: and it is also likely that the main virtue of following a diet is not what you eat but the fact that it forces you to think about it. If management diets come with a lot of hype and some snake-oil, so be it.
Which of the following is the most suitable in meaning for the word "guru" in the passage?
选项
A、philosopher
B、company boss
C、worker
D、management theorist
答案
D
解析
词义理解题,问文章中出现的guru一词代表什么含义。解词义理解题的关键是上下文,如果上下文的线索不够多,或者理解对象与上下文的关系不紧密,那这个词必然与文章主题相关。另外,在解题过程中,如果发现局部(细节)部分的理解与全文主题意思发生矛盾的时候,就一定要注意是否理解有误,并且在选择答案是尽量以与主题思想一致。解本题时,只要掌握了文章主题句:“Gurus do have their uses,however.然而,专家们是有一定用处的”,就不难理解,这里的guru一词所指的就是全文在谈的主体:管理学家。故D为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/iH4O777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Itisnotoftenthatbiologistshaveachancetowatchnaturalselectioninaction.Thebest-knowncases—theevolutionofresist
BeingtoldIwouldbeexpectedtotalkhere,IinquiredwhatsortoftalkIoughttomake.Theysaiditshouldbesomethingsuit
HealthregulatorsonFridaydetainednineshipmentsoforangejuicefromBrazilandCanadathatcontainedtracesofanillegalf
MiriamandChristianRengier,aGermancouplemovingtoNewYork,visitedsomeprivateelementaryschoolsinManhattanlastspri
It’salwaysinterestingtoreadthequotationsofpeoplewhoknewamassmurdererbeforehekilled.Theyusuallyexpresscomplet
______,writtenbyThomasStearnsEliot,isconsideredtobealandmarkandmodelofEnglishpoetryinthe20thcentury.
PoetrywritingwonAnneBradstreetthefameasthe______.
Somepeoplesaythathistoryissomefactualevidenceandthuscannotbechanged.Butwhenweconcernourselveswiththestudyo
Thebookfromwhich"allmodernAmericanliteraturecomes"refersto______.
Asoneofthemanyoutgrowthsofthesweepingfederalhealthcarelaw,healthinsurancesandemployersmustnowpaythecostof
随机试题
A.二八B.三八C.四八D.五八E.六八男子筋骨隆盛,肌肉满壮,为
设备安装标高测量时,测点的绝对标高是指测点相对于()的高程。
背景资料某装饰公司承接了寒冷地区某商场的装饰工程。其中,室内地面采用地面砖镶贴,吊顶工程部分采用木龙骨,室外部分墙面为铝板幕墙,采用进口硅酮结构密封胶、铝塑复合板,其余外墙为加气混凝土外镶贴陶瓷砖。施工过程中,发生如下事件。事件一:因木龙骨为甲供材料,
银行的促销方式主要包括()。
太白山上的国家二级重点保护植物有()。
已知R3的两组基α1=(1,0,—1)T,α2=(2,1,1)T,α3=(1,1,1)T与β1=(0,1,1)T,β2=(一1,1,0)T,β3=(1,2,1)T(1)求由基α1,α2,α3到基β1,β2,β3的过渡矩阵;(2)求γ=(
在一个圆形跑道上,甲从A点、乙从B点同时出发相向而行,8分钟后两人相遇,再过6分钟甲到B点,又过10分钟两人再次相遇,则甲环行一周需要多长时间?
组织的层次和形态、规章制度以及角色规范等内容应该属于校园文化中的()。
韦庄的词集名为《_______》。
窗体上有一个名称为Command1的命令按钮,一个名称为Text1的文本框。编写如下程序:PrivateSubCommand1_Click()DimxAsIntegerx=Val(InputBox("
最新回复
(
0
)