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  3. Instead of trying to reduce the discontent felt, try to raise the level or quality of the discontent. Perhaps the most that can

Instead of trying to reduce the discontent felt, try to raise the level or quality of the discontent. Perhaps the most that can

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问题     Instead of trying to reduce the discontent felt, try to raise the level or quality of the discontent. Perhaps the most that can be hoped for is to have high-order discontent in today’ s society, discontent about things that really matter.【76】 Rather than evaluating programs in terms of how happy they make people, how satisfied those people become, programs must be evaluated in terms of the quality of the discontent they engender. For example, if consultant wants to assess, whether or not an organization is healthy, he doesn’ t ask, "Is there an absence of complaints?" but rather, "What kinds of complaints are there?"
  【77】 Instead of trying to make gradual changes in small increments, make big changes. After all, big changes are relatively easier to make than are small ones. Some people assume that the way to bring about improvement is to make the change small enough so that nobody will notice it. This approach has never worked, and one can’ t help but wonder why such thinking continues. Everyone knows how to resist small changes; they do it all the time. If, however, the change is big enough, resistance can’ t be mobilized against it.【78】 Management can make a sweeping organizational change, but just let a manager, try to change someone’ s desk from here to there, and see the great difficulty he encounters. All change is resisted, so the question is how can the changes be made big enough so that they have a chance of succeeding?
    Buck Minster Fuller has said that instead of reforms society needs new forms; e. g. , in order to reduce traffic accidents, improve automobiles and highways instead of trying to improve drivers. The same concept should be applied to human relations. There’ s a need to think in terms of social architecture, and to provide arrangements among people that evoke what they really want to see in them selves.【79】 Mankind takes great pains with physical architecture, and is beginning to concern it self with the design of systems in which the human being is a component. But most of these designs are only for safety, efficiency, or productivity. System designs are not made to affect those aspects of life people care most about such as family life, romance, and esthetic experiences.【80】 Social technology as well as physical technology need to be applied in making human arrangements that will transcend anything mankind has yet experienced. People need not be victimized by their environments; they can be fulfilled by them.
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答案管理部门能够大刀阔斧地进行全面的组织变动，但是你让一个经理把某个人的办公桌从这儿挪到那儿，看他会遇到多么大的困难。一切变革都会遇到抵制，问题是如何使变革尽量大一些，以使它们有获得成功的机会。
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