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  3. (1)A celebrity is a widely-recognized or famous person who commands a high degree of public and media attention; therefore, one

(1)A celebrity is a widely-recognized or famous person who commands a high degree of public and media attention; therefore, one

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问题     (1)A celebrity is a widely-recognized or famous person who commands a high degree of public and media attention; therefore, one may not become a celebrity unless public and mass media interest is piqued. On the other hand, mass entertainment personalities such as soap opera actors or music stars are likely to become celebrities even if the person deliberately avoids media attention.
    For example Virgin Director Richard Branson was famous as a CEO, but he did not become a global celebrity until he attempted to travel around the globe in a hot air balloon. Another example is Al Gore, whose environmental campaign has elevated him to celebrity status. Of all the celebrities, a small number of them can be considered "global", in that their fame has spread across the world, even across linguistic and cultural boundaries. These celebrities are often prominent political figures, actors, globally successful artists, musicians and sports stars. The rise of international celebrities in acting and popular music is due in large part to the massive scope and scale of the media industries, enabling celebrities to be viewed more often and in more places. The reach of entertainment products is further extended by large-scale illegal copying of movies and music, which makes inexpensive pirated versions of DVDs and CDs available throughout even less economically developed countries.
    (2)Besides the global celebrities, there are regional or cultural celebrities. Each culture and region has its own independent celebrity system, with a hierarchy of popular film, television, and sports stars. Celebrities who are very popular in one country might be unknown abroad, except with culturally-related groups, such as within a diaspora. In some cases, a country-level celebrity might command some attention outside their native country, but not to the degree that they can be considered a global celebrity.
    (3)Subnational entities or regions, or cultural communities(linguistic, ethnic, religious)also have their own "celebrity systems", especially in linguistically or culturally-distinct regions such as Quebec and Wales. Regional radio personalities, newscasters, politicians or community leaders can be considered as local or regional celebrities.
    (4)A local celebrity can be more of a household name than a national celebrity and may often experience the same type of attention from the public as a national celebrity albeit in the confines of their particular region. For example, in New York City, fashion designer Marisol Deluna is well known for her design work to the Park Avenue set, but perhaps would not be recognized as easily in Greenwich Village, a nearby neighborhood in Manhattan.
    (5)In a smaller country, linguistic or cultural community, a figure will be less likely to gain a broader celebrity. For example, Spanish actors Pen61ope Cruz and Antonio Banderas, who were country-level celebrities in their native Spain, were able to become global celebrities only after they became Hollywood actors in English-speaking films.
    (6)English-speaking media commentators and journalists will sometimes refer to celebrities as A-List, B-List, C-List, D-List or Z-List. These informal rankings indicate a placing within the hierarchy. However, due to differing levels of celebrity in different regions, it is difficult to place people within one bracket. An objective method of placing celebrities from any country into categories from A-List to H-List based on their number of Google hits has been proposed, but while this method is quantitative, it only works for individuals with distinctive names, e.g., Jason Mewes, not Kevin Smith.
    (7)In the 1970s, academics began analyzing the phenomenon of celebrity and stardom. In Bob Greene’s article "The New Stardom That Doesn’t Require Paying Any Dues," he argues that for "most of man’s history... people of talent would work to create something—something written, something painted, something sculpted, something acted out—and it would be passed on to audiences." With the rise of reality TV shows, Greene points out that audiences have been turned into the creators. He argues that the "alleged stars of the reality shows ’Survivor’ and ’Big Brother’ have become famous not for doing, but merely for being."
    (8)Celebrities often have fame comparable to that of royalty. As a result, there is a strong public curiosity about their private affairs. Celebrities may be resented for their accolades, and the public may have a love/hate relationship with celebrities. Due to the high visibility of celebrities’ private lives, their successes and shortcomings are often made very public. Celebrities are alternately portrayed as glowing examples of perfection, when they garner awards, or as decadent or immoral if they become associated with a scandal.
    (9)Clive James, the Australian writer, broadcaster and performer, wrote a book on the phenomenon of fame in the 20th century. He contends that true fame was almost unknown before the 20th century, because of the lack of global mass media, and the first true media celebrity was Charles Lindbergh, initially because of his aviation feats and later because of the tragic kidnapping and murder of his son.
    (10)James points out that celebrity eventually became distinctly different from fame, resulting in the phenomenon of people who are famous for being famous. He cites Elizabeth Taylor as an early example, whose private life made her more of a celebrity than her film career had. He also contends that fame sometimes backfires on those who seek it by depriving them of their privacy for life, a point illustrated by the rise of the paparazzi and their fanatic desire for pictures and personal stories about celebrities.
From the past to present, the role of audiences has undergone the change _____.
选项 A、from the admirer to the bystander
B、from the recipient to the creator
C、from the creator to the recipient
D、from the admirer to the creator
答案B
解析 由第7段倒数第2句中的turned into the creators可首先确定B、D，另本句上文描述中未出现表示观众“崇拜、景仰”的字眼，可判断观众只是被动接受者，故选B。A、C与第7段倒数第2句的表述不符。可以排除；此外根据文中提到的it would be passed on to audiences的被动表达形式也可判断出，此处的观众是接受者而不是仰慕者。故D错。
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