2. 考研
  3. The component of the healthy personality that is the first to develop is the sense of the trust. The crucial time for its emerge

The component of the healthy personality that is the first to develop is the sense of the trust. The crucial time for its emerge

admin2014-02-27  45
问题     The component of the healthy personality that is the first to develop is the sense of the trust. The crucial time for its emergence is the first year of life. As with other personality components, the sense of trust is not something that develops independent of other manifestations of growth. It is not that infants learn how to use their bodies for purposeful movement, learn to recognize people and objects around them, and also develop a sense of trust. Rather, the concept "sense of trust" is a shortcut expression intended to convey the characteristic flavor of all the child’s satisfying experiences at this early age. Or, to say it another way, this psychological formulation serves to condense, summarize, and synthesize the most important underlying changes, which give meaning to the infant’s concrete and diversified experience.
    Trust can exist only in relation to something. Consequently, a sense of trust cannot develop until infants are old enough to be aware of objects and persons and to have some feeling that they are separate individuals. At about 3 months of age, babies are likely to smile, if somebody comes close and talks to them. This shows that they are aware of the approach of the other person, that pleasurable sensations are aroused. If, however, the person moves too quickly or speaks too sharply, these babies may look and cry. They will not "trust" the unusual situation but will have a feeling of uneasiness, of mistrust, instead.
    Experience connected with feeding are a prime source for the development of trust. At around 4 months of age, a hungry baby will grow quiet and show signs of pleasure at the sound of an approaching footstep, anticipating(trusting)that he or she will be held and fed. This repeated experience of being hungry, seeing food, receiving food, and feeling relieved and comforted assures the baby that the world is a dependable place.
    Later experiences, starting at around 5 months of age, add another dimension to the sense of trust. Though endless repetitions of attempts to grasp for and hold objects, most babies are finally successful in controlling and adapting their movements in such a way as to reach their goal. Through these and other feats of muscular coordination, babies are gradually able to trust their own bodies to do their bidding.
    Studies of mentally-ill individuals and observations of infants who have been grossly deprived of affection suggest that trust is an early-formed and important element in the healthy personality. Psychiatrists find again and again that the most serious illnesses occur in patients who have been sorely neglected or abused or otherwise deprived of love in infancy. Similarly, it is a common finding of psychological and social investigators that individuals diagnosed as "psychopathic personalities" were so unloved in infancy that they have no reason to trust the human race and therefore, no feeling of responsibility toward their fellow human beings.
The author implies in the passage that______.
选项 A、the sense of trust can grow independent of other manifestations of growth
B、infants can develop sense of trust just as they learn to recognize people and objects
C、children who are usually satisfied can easily build the sense of trust than neglected ones
D、sense of trust can be developed since one baby is born
答案D
解析 这是一道推论题。文章第一段第二句话指出：信任感形成的关键时期是婴儿出生后的第一年。第二段指出：信任感只有在与某东西有关联时才能够存在：因此，一种信任感只有到婴儿大到足以知道物体和人时、他们对单独的个体有某些意识时才能够发展。第三段指出：与喂食有关的体验是信任感发展的一个主要源泉。文章第四段指出：稍后一些时候的体验为信任感增添了另外的因素。由此可知，作者认为，孩子生下来以后，就可以发展信任感。D说“自从一名婴儿出生后，信任感就能够得到发展”，这与文章的意思相符。文中提到independent of othermanifestations of growth时是说“信任感不是独立于其他成长形式而发展的东西”，说明A与文章的意思不符；文中提到learn to recognize people and objects时是说“信任感也不是婴儿学习如何借助身体做有目的的运动，学习辨别周围的人和物体”，说明B与文章的意思不符；文中没有提到C。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/iUO4777K
0

考研英语一

相关试题推荐
随机试题
最新回复(0)