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  3. Picture yourself as a historian in 2035, trying to make sense of this year’s American election campaign. Many of the websites an

Picture yourself as a historian in 2035, trying to make sense of this year’s American election campaign. Many of the websites an

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问题     Picture yourself as a historian in 2035, trying to make sense of this year’s American election campaign. Many of the websites and blogs now abuzz with news and comment will have long since perished. Data stored electronically decays. If you are lucky, copies of campaign material, and of e-mails and other materials, will be available in public libraries. But will you be able to read them? Already, NASA has lost data from some of its earliest missions to the moon because the machines used to read the tapes were scrapped and cannot be rebuilt. A wise librarian will wish to keep in working order a few antique computers that can read such ancient technologies as CDs and USB thumb-drives. But even that may not be enough. Computer files are not worth anything without software to open them.
    Conscientious institutions already make copies of some web pages, e-books and other digital material, and shift the data to new hardware every five years. As software becomes obsolete, libraries and companies can create emulators—old operating systems working inside newer ones.
    But that effort is hampered by regulation that makes archiving digital artefacts even more difficult than it already is. In America, for instance, circumventing the anti-piracy digital rights management software(DRM)that publishers attach to their products is a criminal offence. If that software disappears, the material will no longer be accessible. In 2010 the United States Copyright Office exempted publishers of online-only works from the duty of depositing a copy with the Library of Congress unless specifically requested. National libraries have the right to demand a copy of every printed book published on their territory. But they have no mandate to collect the software without which much electronic data remains unreadable.
    Regulators are pondering the problem. In early May America’s Copyright Office will hold public hearings to discuss exemptions to the ban on circumventing DRM. In Britain the government wants to make it compulsory for publishers, including software-makers, to provide the British Library with a copy of the finished version of everything they produce within a month of publication. The proposed law will allow the library to harvest web pages and material hidden behind paywalls or login requirements.
    Mistakes 30 years ago mean that much of the early digital age is already a closed book(or no book at all)to historians. Without a wider mandate for libraries, giving them the right to store both digital materials and the tools to open it, historians of the future will be unable to reconstruct our times. They may not even know what they have lost.
The word "circumventing(Line 2, Para 3)" is closest in meaning to______.
选项 A、copying
B、selling
C、bypassing
D、fabricating
答案C
解析 第三段首句指出，数字化资料保存方面的努力受到了监管的限制，这使其更加困难。第二句举例说明：在美国，circumventing出版商附在其产品上的防盗版数字版权管理软件(DRM)即构成犯罪；接着第三句指出，如果将来这种软件消亡，这数字产品将无法打开。由这些内容可知，DRM软件是出版商附加于数字产品上的，它可限制人们获取数字产品的内容，目的是为了防止盗版。据此可推测，circumventing是指“避免受DRM的限制而获取数字产品的内容”，即“巧妙绕开、回避DRM”，[C]选项最接近这一含义，为正确项。
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