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  3. In much of the developing world, lack of water is at the center of a vicious circle of inequality. Some women in Foro come clown

In much of the developing world, lack of water is at the center of a vicious circle of inequality. Some women in Foro come clown

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问题 In much of the developing world, lack of water is at the center of a vicious circle of inequality. Some women in Foro come clown to the river five times a day—with one or two of the trips devoted to getting water to make a beer-style home brew for their husbands. When I first came to Foro, some 60 men were sitting in the shade of a metal-roofed building, drinking and talking. It was midmorning. Women, says Binayo, "never get five seconds to sit down and rest."
　　On a hot late afternoon I go with her to the river, carrying an empty jerry can. The trail is steep and in places slippery. We scramble down large rocks alongside cacti and thornbushes. After 50 minutes we reach the river—or what is a river at certain times of the year. Now it is a series of black, muddy pools, some barely puddles. The banks and rocks are littered with the excrement of donkeys and cows. There are about 40 people at the river, enough so that Binayo decides that the wait might be shorter upstream. The wait is especially long early in the morning, so Binayo usually makes her first trip before it is light, leaving her son Kumacho, a serious-faced little man who looks even younger than his four years, in charge of his younger brothers.
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答案 在许多欠发达国家中，缺水成为这种(性别)不平等恶性循环的集中体现。Foro地区的女人们每天都要5次往返于这条河与住地，其中的1到2次是专门为她们的丈夫酿制家酿啤酒而取水。我第一次到Foro时太阳已升得老高，我看到足有五六十个男人正围坐在金属顶棚的建筑物的阴凉下喝酒、闲谈。用Binayo的话说，女人们连哪怕五秒钟坐下来休息的时间都难得。 　　一个炙热的午后，提着简陋的瓶瓶罐罐，我跟同Binayo去取水。通往小河的道路既陡峭又湿滑。我们艰难爬行穿过沿途的仙人掌和荆棘丛。经过50分钟的跋涉，我们来到了河边，或者说，它只是一年中的某些时间才能称之为河。现在，这条河只是一条黑乎乎的泥水谭，有些地方简直就是泥潭。河的两岸和岸边岩石上到处是驴子和牛的粪便。河的这段有40人左右在取水，所以Binayo决定去上游试试，那边取水的人可能会少些。每天一大早的时候来河边取水的人尤其多，所以Binayo总是天不亮就出发，留4岁的儿子Kumacho在家照顾更小的弟弟们，这个形容枯槁的小男子汉看起来比实际年龄小得多。
解析     第一段第一句话中的inequality根据语境可增译为(性别)不平等，或进一步引申为性别歧视；at the center of...，可考虑引申为“……的集中体现”；第二句破折号后的with加分词短语构成的复合结构作five times a day的补语，在多数情况下with可以省略，翻译中意义不受影响，devoted to...这一过去分词短语与其前面的形式主语one or two of these trips之间有动宾的关系，即one or two of these trips作devote的宾语，反过来宾语前置需用表示被动意思的过去分词。第一段最后一句中的midmorning，由于英汉两种语言表达方式的限制，汉语找不到一个词来表达英文对应的意义，可译为“太阳升得老高/太阳高照等”。some 60 men，英语概数的翻译，注意汉语类似表达的习惯，如果翻译成“大约60个男人”似乎过于正式、精确，不如“足有五六十个男人”表达得自然。另外It was midmorning虽然是一个独立句子，其作用是交代时间背景，翻译时可调整变换原文顺序。
　　第二段carrying an empty jerry can为现在分词短语作伴随状语，翻译时可调整进行前置。jerry can英语语义近似，翻译过来可采用重复的方法，汉语的四字重叠表达“瓶瓶罐罐”，与原文有异曲同工之妙。最后两句中多次出现wait，汉语直译显然不妥，结合上下文英语wait的意思是等待取水的时间，我们可以引申为更符合汉语表达的方式，即“取水的人”。最后一句两个逗号间的插入语为补充说明成分，翻译时可灵活调整顺序，serious-faced这一连字符合成的形容词字面意思很显然，“表情严肃的”，按此翻译似乎并无不可，但如果考虑该词形容的对象为4岁大的男孩，似乎有所不妥，故参考译文引申为“形容枯槁”，供考生参考。
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