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  3. There are two kinds of memory: short-term and long-term. Information in longterm memory can be remembered at a later time when i

There are two kinds of memory: short-term and long-term. Information in longterm memory can be remembered at a later time when i

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问题     There are two kinds of memory: short-term and long-term. Information in longterm memory can be remembered at a later time when it is needed. The information may be kept for days or weeks. However, information in short-term memory is kept for only a few seconds, usually by repeating the information over and over. The following experiment shows how short-term memory has been studied.
    Henning studied how students who are learning English as a second language remember vocabulary. The subjects in his experiment were 75 college students. They represented all levels of ability in English; beginning, intermediate, advanced, and native-speaking students.
    To begin, the subjects listened to a recording of a native speaker reading a paragraph in English. Following the recording, the subjects took a 15-question test to see which words they remembered. Each question had four choices. The subjects had to circle the word they had heard in the recording. Some of the questions had four choices that sound alike. For example, weather, whether, wither, and wetter are four words that sound alike. Some of the questions had four choices that have the same meaning. Method, way, manner, and system would be four words with the same meaning. Finally the subjects took a language proficiency test.
    Henning found that students with a lower proficiency in English made more of their mistakes on words that sound alike; students with a higher proficiency made more of their mistakes on words that have the same meaning. Henning’s results suggest that beginning students hold the sound of words in their short-term memory, while advanced students hold the meaning of words in their short-term memory.  
Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
选项 A、Information in short term memory is different from that in long-term memory.
B、Long-term memory can be achieved only by training.
C、It is easier to test short-term memory than long-term memory.
D、Henning gave a separate test on vocabulary to his students.
答案D
解析 细节题。由文章第一段可知长期记忆的信息可以在大脑中保存很长时间，而短期记忆的信息只在大脑中保存几秒钟。只是时间的长短不同，并不是说信息是不同的，因此不选择A项，而B项和C项属无中生有。
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