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  3. Restoring the world’s fisheries is really a no-brainer, says a new study published Monday in the journal Proceedings of the Nati

Restoring the world’s fisheries is really a no-brainer, says a new study published Monday in the journal Proceedings of the Nati

admin2017-02-28  10
问题     Restoring the world’s fisheries is really a no-brainer, says a new study published Monday in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). A team of scientists from the University of California compiled a database of over 4,500 fisheries around the world, and after using various bioeconomic models, the authors found that health and productivity are not mutually exclusive when it comes to the world’s fisheries.
    "It is not a tradeoff between the needs of fishermen and the needs of fish," Douglas Rader, chief oceans scientist at the Environmental Defense Fund, tells The Christian Science Monitor in a phone interview Monday. "To have our fish and eat them too—it’s remarkable."
    "Applying sound management reforms to global fisheries in our dataset could generate annual increases exceeding 16 million metric tons (MMT) in catch, $ 53 billion in profit, and 619 MMT in biomass relative to business as usual," the authors explain in their study. "We also find that, with appropriate reforms, recovery can happen quickly, with the median fishery taking under 10 [years] to reach recovery targets.
    Our results show that commonsense reforms to fishery management would dramatically improve overall fish abundance while increasing food security and profits."
    Rights-based fishery management (RBFM) optimizes economic value. In this approach, fishing quotas are set to ensure healthy population levels, and then in turn product prices increase (because of higher quality and demand) and fishing costs decrease (because of a reduced race to fish). And RBFM is realized through approaches like cooperatives, territorial rights, and individual transferable quotas.
    All of these approaches give fishermen secure fishing rights. Under most current management systems, fisherman practice a "race to fish" competing with one another to catch as many fish as possible, taking fish at a faster rate than they can reproduce. Some governments have instituted individual quotas, but this creates a tense relationship between fisherman and regulators, and the men and women on the water lack a financial incentive to preserve the overall ecosystem.
    "In contrast, in a catch share system (also called a fishing rights system) , each fisherman is entitled to a percentage of the total allocated haul," explains National Geographic’s Brian Clark Howard after his conversation with study author Amanda Leland. " If the number of fish in the ocean rises, the number that can be caught can quickly be revised. That gives all fishermen an incentive to use best practices and patrol their own waters, says Leland, so everyone’ s piece of the pie gets bigger."
    And this isn’t exactly a new concept, says Rader. We’ve known the fates of fisheries and fisherman are interconnected, but this study proves that both financial and reproductive success, respectively, are possible.
What can be the critical element in the rights-based fishery management?
选项 A、Territorial defence.
B、Fishing quotas.
C、Fund allocation.
D、Close cooperation.
答案B
解析 (1)关于rights-based fishery management这一概念，是第4段的话题。注意题干中critical的限制。(2)第4段主要围绕着“改革”展开，根据文意：“改革优化经济价值”(第4段：optimizes)，“规定捕捞配额，以保证健康的种群水平”(第4段：fishing quotas)。(3)在第5段，作者重复道，“这些方案给渔民有保障的捕鱼权利”(第5段：secure fishing rights)，“有些政府已经制定了捕捞配额”(第5段：quotas)。据此，可以肯定“捕捞配额”是渔业管理的关键要素，故答案为选项[B]。
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