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  3. Large, multinational corporations may be the companies whose ups and downs seize headlines. But to a far greater extent than mos

Large, multinational corporations may be the companies whose ups and downs seize headlines. But to a far greater extent than mos

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问题     Large, multinational corporations may be the companies whose ups and downs seize headlines. But to a far greater extent than most Americans realize, the economy’ s vitality depends on the fortunes of tiny shops and restaurants, neighborhood services and factories. Small businesses, defined as those with fewer than 100 workers, now employ 60 percent of the workforce and expected to generate half of all new jobs between now and the year 2 000. Some 1. 2 million small firms have opened their doors over the past 6 years of economic growth, and 1989 will see an additional 200 000 entrepreneurs striking off on their own.
    Too many of these pioneers, however, will blaze ahead unprepared. Idealists will overestimate the clamor(大声的要求)for their products or fail to factor in the competition. Nearly everyone will underestimate, often fatally, the capital that success requires. Midcareer executives, forced by a takeover or a restructuring to quit the corporation and find another way to support themselves, may savor(欣赏)the idea of being their own boss but may forget that entrepreneurs must also, at least for a while, be bookkeepers and receptionists, too. According to Small Business Administration data, 24 of every 100 businesses starting out today are likely to disappear in two years, and 27 more will have shut their doors four years from now. By 1995 , more than 60 of those 100 start-ups will have folded. A new study of 3 000 small businesses, sponsored by American Express and the National Federation of Independent Business, suggests slightly better odds; three years after start-up, 77 percent of the companies surveyed were still alive. Most credited their success in large part to having picked a business they already were comfortable in. Eighty percent had worked with the same product or service in their last jobs.
    Thinking through an enterprise before the launch is obviously critical. But many entrepreneurs forget that a firm’ s health in its infancy may be little indication of how well it will age. You must tenderly monitor its pulse. In their zeal to expand, small business owners often ignore early warning signs of a stagnant(停滞的)market or of decaying profitability. They hopefully pour more and more into the enterprise, preferring not to acknowledge eroding profit margins that means the market for their ingenious service or product has evaporated, or that they must cut the payroll or vacate their lavish offices. Only when the financial well runs dry do they see the seriousness of the illness, and by then the patient is usually too far gone to save.
    Frequent checks of your firm ’ s vital signs will also guide you to a sensible rate of growth. To snatch opportunity, you must spot the signals that it is time to conquer the new markets, add products or perhaps franchise(给予特权)your hot ideas.

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答案E
解析 由题干中的In a recent research和among 3 000 small businesses定位到第二段倒数第三句：“美国快递公司和美国独立企业联盟资助了一项对3 000个小企业进行的新研究，该研究得出了一个稍高一点的企业成活概率：开办3年后，被调查公司中的77％仍然存在”。3 000家小企业的77％，经过简单计算就可以得出E项的数字，故E项为正确答案。
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