2. 外语
  3. Prolonging Human Life Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would ha

Prolonging Human Life Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would ha

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问题                          Prolonging Human Life
    Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion.
    Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often "go on welfare" if they have a serious illness.
    When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply "dumping grounds" for the dying in which "care" is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under-skilled personnel.
In Paragraph 3, the phrase "this need" refers to______.
选项 A、the need to prolong the lives of old people
B、the need to enrich the life of the retired people
C、the need to build profit-making nursing homes
D、the need to take care of a sick and weak person
答案D
解析 第三段第三句“Today，with most members of a household working or in school，there isoften no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person．”(当今，由于家庭中大多数人都出去工作或上学，家里常常没有人来照顾有病或虚弱的人。)“this need”出现在下面这个短语中：“To meet this need”(为了满足这种需要)，它指句子前面的“care for asick or weak person”。这正是选项D表达的意思。
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