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  3. For most of my working life I have been a practicing scientist. I have worked in industrial and academic laboratories—as a labor

For most of my working life I have been a practicing scientist. I have worked in industrial and academic laboratories—as a labor

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问题     For most of my working life I have been a practicing scientist. I have worked in industrial and academic laboratories—as a laboratory assistant—and as a consultant. I have also taught chemistry from "0" level, to the supervision of PhD students. But it is only in recent years that T have begun to look seriously beyond my own personal experience to the role of women in science in a wider context.
    To my dismay, it seemed that there had been little improvement since I had embarked on my own career. The dice are still so heavily loaded against girls and women choosing a scientific career that I was astonished that so many had succeeded, against all the odds, rather than that there wen; so few.
    Many factors deter girls from choosing a scientific career and one of these is undoubtedly the attitudes adopted by parents, teachers, friends and society in general. It was this area which I decided to investigate and my studies so far have indicated that negative attitudes towards women scientists have always existed and still prevail. These attitudes need to be demonstrated and combated because they adversely affect women’s careers, role models for girls and boy’s expectations of women.
    Science is dominated by men, most of its practitioners are men and it is said to have a masculine image. Society does not expect women to become scientists so that those do know that they are "stepping out of line". This, in itself, makes them "special" in some way because the men, in a male dominated profession, are not, in any sense, rebels. In an attempt to discover whether women scientists, have any other characteristics in common, I have been gathering information about their lives, the way they work, the nature of that work and what they say about themselves.
    If one includes both past and present women scientists, one finds, superficially at least, a great diversity, particularly in their backgrounds, which range from poor, working-class to rich aristocracy. Some are married, with children, while some are unmarried and childless. However, it is evident that most of them developed habits of independent thought at an early age. Often these seem to have been fostered by parents who, in some cases, were subsequently dismayed when their daughters insisted on following their own inclinations and rejected traditional roles. Perhaps the parents inadvertently sowed the seeds of rebellion. Not all of the women scientists had to struggle against adversity as we normally think of it. The privileged ones who could have led idle, comfortable lives, chose not to, but all were quietly confident that what they were doing was right for them.
All of the following factors are important for the growth of a woman scientist EXCEPT______.
选项 A、social privilege
B、a nurturing environment
C、self-confidence
D、independent thinking
答案A
解析 推理题。有关选项[B]和[D]表达的内容，请参阅上一题题解。文章的最后一句提到，那些选择从事科学研究的女性都相信自己做出了正确的选择，由此可见她们对自己和自己从事的职业都很自信，选项[C]表达的内容也与原文表达的内容相符。文章提到有些女性科学家出生于上层社会家庭或富裕家庭，但并没有说这是她们选择科学领域的主要影响因素。事实上，作者发现，女性科学家来自各种家庭背景。因此选项[A]与原文表达的内容不符。
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