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  3. Agreeable to your request, I send you my reasons for thinking that our northeast storms in North America begin first, in point o

Agreeable to your request, I send you my reasons for thinking that our northeast storms in North America begin first, in point o

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问题     Agreeable to your request, I send you my reasons for thinking that our northeast storms in North America begin first, in point of time, in the southwest parts: that is to say, the air in Georgia, the farthest of our colonies to the Southwest, begins to move southwesterly before the air of Carolina, begins to move southwesterly before the air of Carolina, which is the next colony northeastward. The air of Carolina has the same motion before the air of Virginia, which lies still more northeastward, and so on northeasterly through Pennsylvania, New York, New England, & c. , quite to Newfoundland.
    These northeast storms are generally very violent, continue sometimes two or three days, and often do considerable damage in the harbors along the coast. They are attended with thick clouds and rain.
    What first gave me this idea, was the following circumstance. About twenty years ago, a few more or less, i cannot from my memory be certain, we were to have an eclipse of the moon at Philadelphia, on a Friday evening, about nine o’clock. I intended to observe it, but was prevented By a northeast storm, which came on about seven, with thick clouds as usual, that quite obscured the whole hemisphere. Yet when the post brought us the Boston newspaper, giving an account of the effects of the same storm in those parts, I found the beginning of the eclipse had been well observed there though Boston lies N.E. of Philadelphia about 400 miles. This puzzled me because the storm began with us so soon as to prevent any observation, and being a N. E. storm, I imagined it must have begun rather sooner in places farther to the northeastward than it did in Philadelphia. I therefore mentioned it in a letter to my brother who lived in Boston. And he informed me the storm did not begin with them till near eleven o’clock, so that they had a good observation of the eclipse: And upon comparing all the other accounts I received from the several colonies, of the time of the beginning of the same storm, and, since that of other storms of the same kind, I found the beginning to be always later the farther northeastward. I have not my notes with me here in England, and cannot, from memory, say the proportion of time to distance, but I think it is about an hour to every hundred miles.
    From thence I formed an idea of the cause of these storms, which I would explain by a familiar instance or two. Suppose a long canal of water stopped at the end by a gate. The water is quite at rest till the gate is open, then it begins to move out through the gate, the water next to that first water moves next, and so on successively, till the water at the head of the canal is in motion, which is last of all. In this case all the water moves indeed towards the gate, but the successive times of beginning motion are the contrary way, viz. from the gate backwards to the head of the canal. Again suppose the air in a chamber at rest, no current in the room till you make a fire in the chimney. Immediately the air in the chimney, being rarefied by the fire, rises, the air next the chimney flows in to supply its place, moving towards the chimney. And, in consequence, the rest of the air successively, quite back to the door. Thus to produce our northeast storms, I suppose some great heat and rarefaction of the air in or about the Gulf of Mexico. The air thence rising has its place supplied by the next more northern, cooler, and therefore denser and heavier, air. That being in motion is followed by the next more northern air, in a successive current, to which current our coast and inland ridge of mountains give the direction of northeast, as they lie N. E. and S. W.
By "rarefaction" of the air, the author means ______.
选项 A、reduction of the density of the air
B、purification of the air
C、removal of oxygen from the air
D、the rising of the air
答案A
解析 烟囱里的空气由于加热变得稀薄并且上升，因此，rarefaction指空气密度降低。
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