首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Narrator Listen to part of a talk in an anthropology class. Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to hel
Narrator Listen to part of a talk in an anthropology class. Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to hel
admin
2013-08-12
14
问题
Narrator
Listen to part of a talk in an anthropology class.
Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.
Why does the professor say that the term Inuit is more appropriate than Eskimo?
Narrator
Listen to part of a talk in an anthropology class. Professor
Culture shock can be an excellent lesson in relative values and in understanding human differences. But why does culture shock occur? That’s because we’re not prepared for these differences. Because of the way we are taught our culture, we are all ethnocentric. Ethnocentrism is the belief that one’s own patterns of behavior are best, to be specific, the most natural, beautiful, right or important. When we say one is ethnocentric, it means that his outlook or world view is centered on his own way of life, while, therefore, other people, to the extent that they live differently, live by standards that are inhuman, irrational, unnatural, or wrong.
There’s no one in our society who is not ethnocentric to some degree, no matter how liberal and open-minded he or she might claim to be. People will always find some aspect of another culture distasteful, I mean...it may be others’ sexual practices, a way of treating friends or relatives, or...simply, a food that they cannot manage to get down with a smile. This is...I should say, not something we should be ashamed of, because it is a natural outcome of growing up in any society. However, as anthropologists who study other cultures, it is something we should constantly be aware of, so that when we’re tempted to make value judgments about another way of life, we can look at the situation objectively and take our bias into account.
Ethnocentrism can be seen in many aspects of culture—myths, folktales, proverbs, and even language. For example, in many languages, especially those of non-Western societies, the word used to refer to one’s own tribe or ethnic group literally means "mankind" or "human". This implies that members of other groups are less than human. For example, the term Eskimo...is used to refer to groups that inhabit the arctic and sub-arctic regions. However, it is an Indian word used by neighbors of the Eskimos who observed their strange way of life but did not share it. The term means "eaters of raw flesh", as such is an ethnocentric observation about cultural practices that were normal to one group and repulsive to another. On the other hand, if we look at one subgroup among the Alaskan natives, we find them calling themselves Inuit, which means "real people" -they obviously didn’t think eating raw flesh was anything out of the ordinary. Here, then, is a contrast between one’s own group, which is real, and the rest of the world, which is not so "real". Both terms, Eskimo and Inuit, are equally ethnocentric—one as an observation about differences, the other as a self-evaluation. However, Inuit is now seen as a more appropriate term because of its origin.
Now, shifting from language to myths and folktales, we find a good example of ethnocentrism in the creation myth of the Cherokee Indians. According to this story, the Creator made three clay images of a man and baked them in an oven. In his haste to admire his handwork, he took the first image out of the oven before it was fully baked and found that it was too pale. He waited a while and then removed the second image—it was just right, a full reddish brown hue. He was so pleased with his work that he sat there and admired it, completely forgetting about the third image. Finally he smelled it burning, but by the time he could rescue it from the oven it had already been burnt, and it came out completely black!
OK, let’s see food preferences. Food preferences are perhaps the most familiar aspect of ethnocentrism. Every culture has developed preferences for certain kinds of food and drink, and equally strong negative attitudes toward others. Now, can anyone of you give us an example?
Student A As far as I know, in Southeast Asia, the majority of adults do not drink milk, and in China, dog meat is a delicacy.
Professor Well, what if in American culture?
Student B Of course, to many Americans, it’s inconceivable that people in other parts of the world do not drink milk, and eating a dog is enough to make most Americans feel sick.
Professor That’s it. Certain food preferences also seem natural to us. We usually do not recognize that they’re natural only because we have grown up with them; they’re quite likely to be unnatural to someone from a different culture. And it is interesting to note that much of ethnocentrism is in our heads and not in our tongues, for something can taste delicious until we are told what it is.
Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.
24. What is the talk mainly about?
25. According to the professor, what does an ethnocentric person tend to believe?
Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question.
Professor
Both terms, Eskimo and Inuit, are equally ethnocentric—one as an observation about differences, the other as a self-evaluation. However, Inuit is now seen as a more appropriate term because of its origin.
26. Why does the professor say that the term Inuit is more appropriate than Eskimo?
27. According to the Cherokee Indians, who was first created by the Creator?
28. According to the talk, which of the following are true about food preferences?
Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question.
Professor
However, as anthropologists who study other cultures, it is something we should constantly be aware of, so that when we’re tempted to make value judgments about another way of life, we can look at the situation objectively and take our bias into account.
29. What can be inferred about the professor’s attitude toward ethnocentrism?
选项
A、It came into being earlier than Eskimo.
B、It sounds better than Eskimo.
C、It is generated by Inuit people themselves
D、The term Eskimo is more ethnocentric.
答案
C
解析
本题为信息关联题中的内在关系题,要求考生正确理解不同信息之间的内在联系。题目问:为什么教授说因纽特人这一称呼比爱斯基摩人这一称呼更恰当?从这句话“Inuit is nowseen as a more appropriate term because of its origin(现在,因纽特人这一称呼因为其来源而被认为更加恰当)”我们知道句中的its origin指的是前文所述的“Alaskan natives,we find themcalling themselves Inuit,which means‘real people’”一句中的“real people”,所以因纽特人这一称呼比爱斯基摩人这一称呼更恰当,即选项C为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/j2fO777K
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
Completethelecturenotes.UseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.PurposeoftheminilectureToexperience【T32】______
CircleFOURlettersA~G.WhichFOURactivitiesoftheUnionarementionedbythespeaker?(A)raisingmoneyforgoodcauses(B)po
WhatdoesCharlessayaboutthedonkeys?(A)Herodethemwhenhewastired.(B)Henamedthemafterplaces.(C)Oneofthemdied.
JacksaysthatinLondonthesedays,manypeople
Labelthemapbelow.WritethecorrectletterA-lnexttoQuestions18-20.OldOxfordSchool______...
Accordingtothespeaker,whyisitagoodtimeforD-l-Ypainting?
Completethesentencesbelow.WriteONEWORDAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.Theuniversity’sownGeologyDepartmenthasalso
Completethesentencesbelow.WriteONEWORDAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.Theuniversity’sownGeologyDepartmenthasalso
Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.PlanningapresentationonnanotechnologyRussandhistutoragreethathisapproachint
ChooseTWOletters,A-E.WhichTWOsubjectsdidMartinalikebestbeforegoingtouniversity?AArtBHistoryCFrenchDEnglish
随机试题
按加热过程的条件分类,比热容分()。
患者大便干燥秘结。难以排出,数日一行,口干咽燥,舌红少津,脉细涩。可拟诊为
皮下注射不用于
中国内地某企业因与设在香港的长江公司的争议向内地法院起诉,根据我国现行司法解释的规定,关于向长江公司有效送达司法文书的问题,下列表述正确的有()。
根据《行政许可法》,下列许可情形中,行政机关可以依法撤回许可的是()。
A、长江流域寒梅绽放B、巴黎盆地小麦黄熟C、南极中山站终日斜阳D、赞比西河流域草木葱茏B由上题分析可知,此时北半球处于夏半年,时间上对应3月下旬至9月下旬。此时长江流域不可能有寒梅绽放,巴黎盆地小麦可能成熟,南极中山站不可能出现极昼。赞比西河位于南
作为基层工作人员,怎样拉近与群众的距离?
中英《南京条约》中“协定关税”的规定主要反映了列强的哪一侵略要求()。
设为发散的正项级数,令Sn=a1+a2+…+an(n=1,2,…).证明:收敛.
TheSpecialForcesClub,foundedin1945inLondonbyformermembersoftheSpecialOperationsExecutive,isareminderthatsome
最新回复
(
0
)