When a new scientific model emerges, research studies (i)________that paradigm tend to dominate in the scientific literature: th

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问题 When a new scientific model emerges, research studies (i)________that paradigm tend to dominate in the scientific literature: the process of selecting articles for publication is tilted toward positive results. But once the paradigm (ii)________, the academic incentives shift in the opposite direction: research results are more likely to be considered worthy of publication when they (iii)________what has become the establish view.
Blank (i)        Blank (ii)                  Blank (iii)
A. tweaking      D. is initially articulated G. bolster
B. affirming     E. has become entrenched    H. circumvent
C. controverting F. is about to be attacked  I. undermine

选项

答案B,E,I

解析 想顺利解出空格(i)首先要读懂句子,句子结构都无法准确识别,即便题目做对了也是蒙对的。注意空格(i)后面的that在这里的作用,很多同学会认为这个that是引导从句,从句就是paradigm tend to dominate in the scientific literature,如果这个假设成立的话,那么空格(i)就必须要填入谓语动词,而扫一眼选项A、B、C发现是分词形式,所以这个假设不成立。that在这里并不是引导从句,而是表示指代,译作“那个”,而空格(i)是分词短语作定语修饰research studies,空格(i)所在句子的主干结构是research studies tend to dominate…。再次强调,语言功底至关重要,一些简单的语法知识必须要知道,所以空格(i)表示的是调查研究(research studies)将会怎样那些倾向于主导科学文化市场的典范(tend to dominate in the scientific literature)。冒号引导对于前面的解释,后面在说:选择文章予以出版的过程倾向于那些积极的结果(tilted toward positive results),这里positive results和paradigm是一个语义对应点,所以空格(i)对应tilted toward,填入一个正面肯定的词汇,选择B。空格(ii)就前后句而言无法找到相应的解题线索,所以从空格(iii)来突破。空格(ii)后面这句话在说,出版动机将会转向相反的方面,前面说他们喜欢出版positive results,那么后面就应当体现出他们这个时候喜欢出版negative results,所以空格(iii)应填体现负面含义的词,选择I选项,即“破坏了既定观点”。再看空格(ii)这里就好处理了。but之前在说,出版界喜欢去捧一个典范,一旦这个典范变得怎样的时候,他们就喜欢去出版那些打破典范的文章,所以空格(ii)要体现出一旦这些典范“被捧起来之后”,所以应选择E,表示“变得根深蒂固”,同时也对应了the established view。
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